Huangpi anthracnose is a common and destructive disease that affects orchards, particularly in certain regions where it causes significant economic damage. The disease can occur throughout the growing season and often leads to severe losses if not managed properly.
First, symptoms of the disease:
Yellow peony trees are susceptible to anthracnose at all growth stages. Infected leaves show spots, leaf rot, and damage to branches and fruits. Leaf spots typically appear as round or semi-circular lesions on both the center and edges of the leaves, ranging from 1 to 2 mm in diameter. These small spots may merge into larger ones over time. The central area of the lesion turns gray, while the edges become discolored. In advanced stages, numerous small black structures (conidial plates) appear on the affected areas. Leaf rot usually begins at the leaf tip or margin, causing brown, soft rot. The affected area spreads quickly without a clear boundary between healthy and diseased tissue, and within a few days, the entire leaf may be destroyed. The petiole may also turn brown, leading to early defoliation. Branches and twigs develop brown, necrotic areas with a grayish-white appearance, and black spots are often visible on the surface. Fruit rot appears as water-soaked brown spots on the fruit surface, which later expand into round lesions. The affected parts become brown and sunken, with dense orange-red spores visible on the surface. Mature fruits are more severely affected than younger ones.
Second, the pathogen:
The causal agent of Huangpi anthracnose is *Colletotrichum gloeosporioides* (Penz.), which belongs to the subgenus *Menchid*. The small black spots found on infected tissues are conidial plates, and the orange-red sticky spores are conidia. Conidia are oval or cylindrical, single-celled, colorless, and contain an oil droplet inside.
Third, the infection cycle and environmental conditions:
The pathogen overwinters in dead branches, infected leaves, and diseased fruits in the form of mycelium and conidial plates. In spring, under favorable temperature and humidity conditions, it produces large numbers of conidia, which are spread by wind and rain to initiate new infections. Anthracnose is a typical latent infection pathogen, meaning it can infect plant tissues through flowers and young fruits and remain dormant until the fruit matures, at which point the disease becomes apparent. High temperatures, heavy rainfall, and high humidity create ideal conditions for the disease to thrive. Poor orchard management, weak tree health, and overcrowding can lead to more severe outbreaks.
Fourth, control methods:
1. Improve cultivation and management practices: After harvest, plow the soil and apply organic fertilizers to enhance the tree's resistance to disease.
2. Remove overwintering sources: During winter, prune thoroughly, remove diseased branches, leaves, and fruits, and burn the collected debris. Apply a 40% mancozeb suspension diluted 500 times for effective control.
3. Protective spraying during critical periods: Spraying during the spring shoot stage, flowering, and young fruit development is crucial. Use 50% carbendazim WP at 500–600 times dilution, 70% thiophanate-methyl WP at 800–1000 times, or 65% zinc oxide WP at 50 times or 40% emulsifiable concentrate at 500 times. Regular monitoring and timely application of fungicides can significantly reduce disease incidence.
Hematology Analyzer
Hematology analyzer is also called clinical blood cell analyzer, blood cell analyzer, blood cell analyzer, blood cell counter. The blood analyzer not only improves the accuracy of the experimental results, but also provides many experimental indicators, which play an important role in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of diseases. Hematology analyzer is one of the most widely used instruments in hospital clinical testing.
Test items
Blood cell test refers to routine blood test, which is manual operation and counting under the microscope at first. It includes red blood cell, hemoglobin, white blood cell count and its classification, platelet count, etc. There are more than 20 items.
clinical significance
1. The blood analyzer is mainly used to detect various blood cell counts, white blood cell classification and hemoglobin content.
2. Hematocrit: obtained by multiplying the average volume of red blood cells by the red blood cell count.
3. Red blood cell distribution width: represents the degree of consistency of red blood cell size. When the red blood cell size is uneven, the red blood cell distribution width value increases, such as various types of nutritional deficiency anemia.
4. The three average indices of red blood cells are used to identify the type of anemia.
(1) The average hemoglobin content of red blood cells: increased in megaloblastic anemia, decreased in iron deficiency anemia, chronic blood loss anemia, uremia, chronic inflammation.
(2) Mean volume of red blood cells: increase in hemolytic anemia and megaloblastic anemia; decrease in severe iron deficiency anemia and hereditary spherocytosis.
(3) The average red blood cell hemoglobin concentration: decrease in chronic blood loss anemia, iron deficiency anemia; various diseases can be in the normal range. In megaloblastic anemia, the mean red blood cell volume increases, the mean red blood cell hemoglobin amount increases, the mean red blood cell hemoglobin concentration is normal, and the red blood cell distribution width increases.
5. Average platelet volume: the average volume of each platelet, the size of platelets is related to its function.
(1) Increased: seen in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, edema and proteinuria in late pregnancy.
(2) Decreased: seen in non-immune platelet destruction, aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia repeated infection syndrome, chronic myeloid leukemia, etc.
Automation in Hematology,Automated Hematology Analyzer,Hematology Analyzer Instrument,Hematology Analyzer Product
Jilin Sinoscience Technology Co. LTD , https://www.jlgkscience.com
