What is the difference between Japanese cypress and Chinese oriental arborvitae
Japanese cypress, scientifically known as *Chamaecyparis obtusa*, is a tall evergreen tree native to Japan. It can grow up to 40 meters in height, with a trunk diameter of around 3.5 meters at breast height. The tree has a conical crown and its twigs are covered with small, scale-like leaves that have a white powdery coating. These scales are thickened and measure between 1 to 1.5 mm in length, with an obtuse tip. The fruit is a round cone, approximately 8 to 10 mm in diameter, colored red-brown. Each cone has four pairs of scales, which are pentagonal or quadrangular in shape, often featuring a central depression or slight indentation. The seeds are small, flat, and about 2.5 to 3 mm long, with wings on both sides. It flowers in April, and the cones mature from October to November.
This species has been introduced to various regions in China, including Qingdao, Nanjing (Zhongshan Botanical Garden), Laoshan, Huangshan, Hangzhou, Jigongshan (in Henan), and Guangzhou. It is widely used in landscaping, with popular cultivars such as "Cloud Pellets," "Peacock and Cypress," and "Golden Peacock and Cypress." Japanese cypress prefers a warm and humid climate and can tolerate some dryness, thriving in areas where the average annual temperature is around 10°C—though it can survive temperatures as low as -20°C. It has shallow roots and requires well-drained, fertile soil, growing poorly in compacted conditions. Its growth rate is very fast. For example, a 40-year-old tree in Lushan Botanical Garden reaches an average height of 16.05 meters, with a diameter at breast height of 36.11 cm and a maximum spread of 17.5 meters. The survival rate of cuttings from young trees can be as high as 20% to 80%. It is valuable for both ornamental use and as a fast-growing timber species.
*Platycladus orientalis*, commonly known as Chinese arborvitae, is another evergreen tree, reaching up to 20 meters in height with a trunk diameter of about 1 meter. Its scale-like leaves are 1 to 3 mm long, with rounded tips, and the branchlets grow almost perpendicular to the ground. The cones are 1.5 to 2 cm long and brown in color. The seeds are 4 to 6 mm long, gray-brown, and elongated with a slightly angular side and a noticeable navel. Flowering occurs from March to April, and the cones mature between September and October.
It is commonly cultivated in gardens, with varieties like "Pterophylla Phnom Penh" being popular. Native to northern and northeastern China, it is widely planted across the country, especially in limestone areas north of the Huai River. Seedlings can reach 2 meters in height within 5 to 6 years. It is one of the most commonly used garden trees in northern China, known for its longevity. Historically, it has been planted in temples, mausoleums, and courtyards, such as the ancient "Xuanxuanbai" tree in the Huangling Xuanyuan Temple in Shaanxi Province, which stands 19 meters tall and has a diameter of 2 meters, with an age exceeding 2,700 years.
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