What is the difference between Japanese cypress and Chinese oriental arborvitae
Japanese cypress, scientifically known as *Chamaecyparis obtusa*, is a tall evergreen tree native to Japan. It can grow up to 40 meters in height with a trunk diameter of about 3.5 meters at breast height. The tree has a conical crown and dense foliage. Its twigs are covered with small, scale-like leaves that have a waxy coating, giving them a whitish appearance. These scales are slightly thickened and measure between 1 to 1.5 mm in length, with an obtuse tip. The cones are round, measuring 8 to 10 mm in diameter, and they range in color from red-brown to dark brown. Each cone has four pairs of scales, which are typically pentagonal or quadrangular, flat, or with a slight central depression. The seeds are small, flat, and about 2.5 to 3 mm long, with wings on both sides for better dispersal. Flowering occurs in April, and the cones mature between October and November.
This species has been introduced and cultivated in various regions of China, including Qingdao, Nanjing (Zhongshan Botanical Garden), Laoshan, Huangshan, Hangzhou, Jigongshan (in Henan), and Guangzhou. It is widely used in landscaping, with popular cultivars such as "Cloud Pellets," "Peacock Cypress," and "Golden Peacock Cypress." Japanese cypress thrives in warm and humid climates and is somewhat drought-tolerant. It prefers areas with an average annual temperature around 10°C, though it can withstand temperatures as low as -20°C. It has shallow roots and requires well-drained, fertile soil; it does not perform well in compacted or poor soils. Its growth rate is quite fast, making it an excellent choice for rapid landscape development.
In Lushan Botanical Garden, a 40-year-old Japanese cypress reaches an average height of 16.05 meters, with a diameter at breast height of 36.11 cm. Some trees have a maximum canopy spread of 17.5 meters, and the largest DBH recorded is 46 cm. The survival rate of cuttings from young trees ranges from 20% to 80%, making it a reliable species for propagation. It is ideal for urban landscapes and serves as a valuable fast-growing timber resource.
*Platycladus orientalis*, commonly known as Chinese arborvitae, is another evergreen tree that can reach heights of up to 20 meters with a trunk diameter of around 1 meter. Its scale-like leaves are 1 to 3 mm long, with a blunt apex, and its branchlets grow almost perpendicular to the ground. The cones are 1.5 to 2 cm long and are brown in color. The seeds are 4 to 6 mm long, gray-brown, and ovate in shape, with no wings but a distinct navel-like depression on one side. Flowering takes place from March to April, and the cones mature between September and October.
It is commonly used in gardens, with varieties like "Pterophylla" and "Phnom Penh" being popular cultivars. Native to northern and northeastern China, it is widely cultivated across the country. It is especially important in limestone areas north of the Huai River, where it is a primary species for afforestation. Seedlings can grow up to 2 meters in height within 5 to 6 years. It is one of the most commonly used garden trees in northern China due to its long lifespan and adaptability. Historically, it has been planted in temples, mausoleums, and courtyards, such as the famous "Xuanxuanbai" tree at the Huangling Xuanyuan Temple in Shaanxi Province. This ancient tree stands over 19 meters tall and has a trunk diameter of about 2 meters, with an age exceeding 2,700 years.
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