Lobster culture

The crustacean, commonly known as lobster or prawn, is a decapod with soft armor, characterized by its complex feeding habits, high fertility, strong adaptability, and rapid growth. It thrives in various water environments such as rivers, ditches, ponds, and farmland. With a protein content of 16% to 20%, it's highly valued for its delicious meat and nutritional benefits. The shell contains essential minerals like calcium, phosphorus, and iron, which can be processed into feed additives or used to produce chitin, chitosan, and other industrial materials, widely applied in agriculture, food, medicine, and more. However, due to overfishing driven by high demand, natural lobster populations have declined, leading to market shortages and rising prices. This has made artificial breeding an important solution to meet consumer needs and boost rural economies. To successfully breed lobsters artificially, several key steps must be followed: 1. **Breeding Shrimp Seedlings** - Select breeding ponds of 1200–2000 square meters with a depth of 0.5–1 meter and a width of at least 1.5 meters. Ensure proper anti-escape structures and complete inlet and outlet systems. - Choose mature broodstock aged 9–12 months. Males are larger than females, with thick cheeks and a bright red palate, while females have enlarged abdomens. - Select broodstock in September–October of the previous year or March–April of the current year. They should weigh about 30 grams, be healthy, and have no injuries. Maintain a male-to-female ratio of 2:1. - Before introducing broodstock, sterilize the pond and add 800 kg of fermented straw per acre to enrich the water. Provide hiding spots like bamboo tubes, plastic pipes, and poplar roots. - During winter, ensure proper feeding and care. Start feeding animal-based foods like fish scraps and vitamins from March. Adjust the daily feeding amount based on the month: 2–3% in March, 4–5% in April, and 6–8% in May. Refresh water every 10–15 days starting in May to support gonad development. - Breeding occurs when water temperature reaches 20°C, typically between April and May. Males transfer sperm to females, who then carry fertilized eggs for 40–70 days. After hatching, juveniles stay attached to the mother until they become independent. Collect them promptly for further cultivation. 2. **Rearing Juvenile Shrimps** - Use ponds with a depth of 0.6–0.8 meters and an area of 1200–2000 square meters. Ensure good water quality and install anti-escape facilities. Disinfect the pond with 500 kg of base fertilizer per acre. - Stock 100,000–150,000 juvenile shrimps per acre. Choose healthy, uniform-sized shrimp without disease. Release them during sunny mornings or cloudy days. - Feed them milk-like substances 3–4 times daily for the first week, then switch to animal-based feeds. Mix corn and wheat into paste feed and provide twice daily. Feed 70% of the total amount, with 2.5–4 kg per 100,000 shrimp. Monitor and adjust feeding rates accordingly. After 25–30 days, shrimp grow to 3 cm and can be transferred to adult ponds. 3. **Feeding and Managing Adult Shrimps** - Stock 10,000–15,000 shrimp per acre, and consider polyculture with fish species like carp. Lobsters are omnivorous, eating organic matter, algae, aquatic plants, insects, snails, and small fish. - Feed with a mix of rice bran, bean cakes, and fish scraps, keeping protein levels around 25%. In the intensive season (May–September), feed 5–8% of their body weight daily. In other seasons, reduce to 1–3%. - Regularly add fresh water to maintain a depth of at least 1.5 meters and plant aquatic vegetation for shelter. Keep the water clean by using quicklime for disinfection and monitoring water quality closely. By following these practices, artificial lobster farming can not only replenish natural resources but also create economic opportunities for farmers and meet growing market demands.

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