U.S. Efforts to Make Bio-waste Fuels
According to Xinhua News Agency, Washington, July 25 (Reporter Wang Zhenhua) – Oil, coal, and natural gas are essentially ancient plant materials that were buried underground for millions of years under high pressure and temperature, eventually transforming into fossil fuels. Today, humans extract and use this energy. Now, American researchers are exploring ways to convert various types of plants directly into fuel for vehicles.
While the U.S. isn’t leading in bioenergy, Brazil has been a pioneer. With vast sugar cane fields, Brazil has long used bagasse — the fibrous residue from sugarcane — to produce ethanol, which now replaces about 40% of the country’s gasoline.
Although the U.S. lacks large quantities of sugarcane, it has abundant corn stalks, forest waste, sawdust, and even weeds — all of which can be turned into ethanol. For years, these materials were either discarded or used as fertilizer. Now, the U.S. is trying to turn them into a valuable resource for transportation.
Historically, Americans weren’t too interested in using biological waste as fuel because oil was cheap. A few years ago, crude oil cost just a dozen dollars per barrel, making biofuels seem unattractive. But things changed quickly — oil prices surged to over $70 a barrel, and there's little sign of a major drop soon. This shift has made bioenergy more appealing.
In fact, the push for biofuels started after the 1970s oil crisis. Some U.S. researchers began experimenting with ethanol from corn, leading to the development of E85 — a fuel blend containing 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline. However, relying on corn for ethanol has raised concerns about food security and sustainability.
Despite these challenges, many believe the future of biofuels lies in using agricultural and forestry waste. Prominent figures, including former CIA officials, support this movement, arguing that it could reduce reliance on Middle East oil and lower carbon emissions.
Yet, the U.S. still faces significant hurdles. Funding remains a major obstacle. Biofuel research requires substantial investment, but oil companies are hesitant to spend, and the government struggles with debt. Additionally, there’s no clear system for collecting and transporting biological waste. Harvesting crop residues and wood waste is labor-intensive, and no businesses currently specialize in this area.
Despite these difficulties, converting waste into fuel is seen as a promising path for the U.S. energy sector. While the road ahead is long, it represents an important step toward sustainable and renewable energy sources.
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