How to prevent early flowering of mangoes

Mango is a tropical evergreen fruit tree that requires a significant amount of water and nutrients throughout its growth cycle. When faced with prolonged dry weather combined with improper irrigation and fertilization, the tree may experience early flowering due to accumulated temperature conditions. This premature flowering makes the flowers more susceptible to cold damage, leading to poor pollination and low fruit set, which can result in reduced yield or total crop loss. So, how can mango early flowering be prevented? First, pruning is essential. After harvesting, it's important to remove old, weak, diseased, or overcrowded branches. Also, cut back any unnecessary fruiting shoots. This helps promote the growth of new shoots, improves air circulation, reduces nutrient waste, and minimizes pest infestations. Additionally, pruning can delay bud development and help control early flowering. Second, proper fertilization is crucial. Mango trees consume a lot of nutrients during flowering and fruiting. After harvest, it's recommended to apply about 80% of the annual fertilizer requirement to support recovery and crown expansion. A balanced mix of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium should be used. Apply the fertilizer around the outer edge of the canopy in an annular trench. Use 40–60 kg of compost, manure, or farmyard fertilizer per tree, or 7–10 kg of compound fertilizer. Cover the soil after application to ensure efficient nutrient absorption. Third, drought prevention plays a key role. Mango trees are sensitive to dry conditions, especially in summer and autumn. If there's a severe drought, flower buds may form too early, leading to early flowering. To prevent this, loosen the topsoil in the orchard to reduce moisture evaporation. During long dry periods in autumn and winter, water the trees at least once or twice a month if possible. Also, dig drainage ditches around the orchard to manage heavy rain and raise the soil level at the base of the trees to prevent waterlogging. Before winter, apply one or two rounds of pesticide to protect against pests and diseases. Fourth, consider changing the variety. For mango varieties that grow quickly in high temperatures and are prone to early flowering, switching to a late-maturing type can help delay flowering and avoid the risks of cold weather in early spring. Fifth, adjust the flowering period by removing early flower buds. This encourages the plant to re-bud and bloom later. When the inflorescence reaches 8–10 cm, you can carefully remove the flowers. However, defoliation should only be done 1 or 2 times before mid-February. Over-defoliation can weaken the tree and reduce its ability to pollinate effectively. Lastly, use chemical control. Once flower buds appear, spray the tree with a paclobutrazol solution diluted at 350 times or ethephon at 1000 times. Apply the solution every 12–15 days, repeating 2–3 times for best results. This method effectively controls excessive flowering and helps maintain a balanced fruiting cycle. By implementing these strategies, growers can significantly reduce the risk of early flowering and improve overall mango production.

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