Pearl jewelry processing

In recent years, the pearl aquaculture industry in China has experienced remarkable growth. The annual production of seawater pearls increased from just 2 tons in 1988 to between 15 and 20 tons. However, the development of freshwater pearls has been even more impressive. By 1992, the output had reached 300 tons, and today it has surged to 800–1,000 tons. This rapid expansion highlights the increasing demand for high-quality pearls in both domestic and international markets. One key step in the pearl processing procedure is pre-treatment. This stage involves sorting, drilling, puffing, and dehydration. Due to the delicate structure of the pearl's outer layer, traditional bleaching methods often fail to penetrate effectively. Instead, an extrusion process is used, where swelling agents are applied to gently loosen the pearl’s structure without causing significant damage. This method helps preserve the integrity of the nacre while preparing the pearl for further treatment. The new optimization process emphasizes pre-treatment as much as bleaching. Unlike older methods, which often damaged the luster of the pearls, this approach focuses on protecting the solidified nacre layer during subsequent steps. The main goal is to prevent damage during bleaching and polishing. Key steps include cleaning, protecting the bead layer, sorting, and drilling. A unique feature of this process is the non-perforated protection bead layer, which prevents direct contact between the pearls and the bleaching solution. This not only reduces oxidation but also enhances the overall luster. The reagents used in this process must be colorless, transparent, heat- and acid-resistant, chemically stable, and safe for human use. They should also withstand ultrasonic cleaning and polishing. These properties ensure that the pearls remain intact and visually appealing after treatment. The protective bead layer treatment has several advantages: no perforation, a significant increase in light brightness, and minimal splashing of pearls during bleaching. These features make it a more efficient and safer alternative to traditional methods. Bleaching is another critical stage. Cultured pearls often contain organic contaminants such as free cells, mucus, and necrotic tissue, which can cause dark spots and reduce luster. Decontamination and bleaching help restore the natural beauty of the pearls. The optimized formula includes solvents, penetrants, stabilizers, and surfactants. The precise combination and concentration of these ingredients determine the success of the bleaching process. Surfactants play a vital role in the bleaching process. Non-ionic surfactants like Span and Tween are particularly effective due to their ability to enhance penetration and washing. Though used in small amounts (about one-thousandth of the total solution), they significantly improve the efficiency of the process. Stabilizers are essential for maintaining the pH of the bleaching solution. Since pearls are primarily composed of calcium carbonate, acidic solutions can cause corrosion. Therefore, careful control of pH is crucial throughout the process. Pre-treated pearls show fewer bubbles during bleaching, and the solution enters through the bead hole rather than directly contacting the surface. This minimizes the risk of damage and improves the final appearance of the pearls. The bleaching temperature is kept low to ensure thorough yet gentle treatment. Although this increases the time required, it results in better outcomes with minimal damage to the pearls. After bleaching, liquid removal is necessary to wash away any residual chemicals. Without proper removal, pearls may develop yellowing or whitening over time, affecting their quality. This step is therefore crucial in maintaining long-term stability. Post-processing, including whitening, coloring, and polishing, is often performed to further enhance the luster of the pearls. Polishing is considered the most important of these steps. In conclusion, modern pearl processing technology maximizes the quality and value of pearls. Its key innovations include pre-treatment without perforated beads, the use of low-temperature systems, and advanced polishing materials. These advancements have significantly improved the efficiency, safety, and aesthetics of pearl processing.

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