Machine-planting Rice Dry Rice Raising Technology and Operation Process
Hongze County in Jiangsu Province has been experimenting with and promoting machine-planting rice technology since 1999. Over the years, this technique has gradually spread throughout the county, leading to the development of a complete system known as "Double-Membrane Dry Seedling Technology." The county has established detailed technical standards, including nutrient soil preparation, base film drilling specifications, and sowing density. Significant progress has been made in chemical treatment, seedling water management, and the design of cutting tools, making the technology more efficient, cost-effective, and easy for farmers to adopt.
During the popularization process, it was found that double-membrane dry seedlings are ideal for machine transplanting, especially under good quality conditions. However, the planting window is short, and the seedling age should not exceed 20 days. High temperatures can lead to excessive growth, causing the seedlings to become too tall or weak, which affects their ability to be inserted by machines. To address this, the technology improved the water control method, allowing for longer seedling ages while maintaining quality. Dry seedlings help extend the elasticity of the roots, ensuring better performance during transplantation.
In 2003, during a period of continuous rain in June, the county's machine-transplanted double-membrane dry seedlings yielded 589 kg per mu, significantly higher than the average yield of the region. This demonstrated the effectiveness and economic benefits of the technology. Farmers who used machine planting reported lower costs, with expenses reduced by over 20 yuan per hectare. Manual planting was more expensive, costing around 35–45 yuan per mu, compared to 35 yuan for machine planting. Overall, the total cost of machine planting, including seedlings, was about 60 yuan per mu, whereas manual planting reached up to 80 yuan per mu.
The following are the key steps and procedures for the double-membrane dry seedling technique:
**1. Seedling Bed Preparation**
- **Nutrient Soil**: Use 0.13 cubic meters of fine soil per acre. Collect soil from vegetable fields, plowed land, or autumn-plowed fields. Avoid using herbicide-treated soil.
- **Base Film**: Use 1.4m wide and 4.2m long agricultural films. The thickness should be appropriate—too thick may damage the roots. Drill holes at 34cm intervals.
- **Seedbed Design**: Create beds with a width of 1.4m, a furrow width of 0.25m, and a depth of 0.15m. Ensure the bed is level and firm before sowing.
- **Seed Selection**: Choose high-quality seeds, weighing 4kg per acre. Dry, sieve, and weigh the seeds before soaking.
**2. Precision Sowing**
- Determine the sowing date based on crop rotation and transplanting needs. Seedlings should not be older than 28 days.
- Optimal sowing density is around 0.75kg/m² for common varieties like Wuyujing No. 3.
- Soak seeds with chemicals such as imidacloprid to prevent pests. Germinate within two days.
**3. Field Management**
- Water the seedlings only when necessary. Drain excess water after irrigation to improve root development.
- Apply minimal fertilizer, mainly during the final stages before transplanting.
- Monitor for pests like leafhoppers and sheath blight, and treat promptly.
**4. Requirements for Machine-Ready Seedlings**
- Seedling height should be between 15–21cm.
- Disc strength should be around 6kg to ensure proper packing.
- Moisture content of the block should be about 35%.
**5. Cutting and Transplanting**
- Cut the seedlings into 27.5–27.9cm wide and 60cm long blocks.
- Roll them carefully and transport to the field. Stack no more than three layers to avoid deformation.
This comprehensive approach has helped Hongze County achieve higher yields and more sustainable rice farming practices.
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