Papaya Cultivation Management (3)
Rust Mite
Also known as rust worm, this pest feeds on the sap of fruits, causing them to turn tea-brown and develop a leathery, sunken appearance. The control method is similar to that for red spider mites.
L. Coccus Scale (Scale)
This insect feeds on fruit juice, leading to reduced yield and quality. To manage it, apply 44% Dimethoate emulsion diluted 1000 times or 33% Fumaxone emulsion diluted 600 times. Spray every 10–15 days for three consecutive applications.
M. Root-knot Nematode:
Common in loose sandy soils, this pest causes swelling and brown rot on roots, leading to poor nutrition, water stress, and stunted growth. Leaves may yellow, and fruits become small and odorless. Prevention includes crop rotation, soil solarization, and using resistant varieties.
N. Snail
These pests feed on seedlings, tender shoots, and buds, posing the greatest threat from April to October. Control methods include:
a. Selecting weed-free seedlings.
b. Manually collecting snails during early morning or evening.
c. Protecting young plants with plastic bags after planting.
d. Using traps containing acetaldehyde and Aritox (10–15 pellets per square meter) to kill snails. Those that eat the bait will die, while others can be treated repeatedly.
16. Cultivation and Weeding:
After planting, herbicides should be applied immediately between rows to prevent weeds. Ensure complete removal of pesticide containers before reuse. Apply herbicides evenly on the soil surface, avoiding contact with stems and leaves. Avoid spraying during strong winds or rain. If weeds are present, remove them manually without deep tilling to avoid root damage.
17. Removing Axillary Buds:
Axillary buds that grow on young leaves consume water and nutrients, delay flowering, reduce air circulation, and increase the risk of pests and diseases. Remove them early in the day when the weather is sunny.
18. Thinning Fruits and Removing Old Leaves:
During the fruiting season, remove damaged, overcrowded, or poorly pollinated fruits at high levels. Dead or old leaves promote disease and pest infestations. They also reduce sunlight penetration and photosynthesis. Cut them promptly to improve ventilation, reduce disease incidence, and enhance fruit quality. Prune appropriately to allow long branches to grow naturally.
19. Post-Wind Damage Treatment:
After strong winds or typhoons, take immediate action to restore tree health. First, ensure proper drainage to prevent root rot. Second, apply foliar fertilizer with a 0.05% urea solution. Third, secure severely lodged or broken plants with supports, do not lift seedlings, and cover damaged stems with newspapers to protect from sunburn. Fourth, spray pesticides thoroughly to prevent disease outbreaks. Fifth, if roots or leaves are severely damaged, consider thinning the upper fruits to conserve energy and promote recovery.
20. Planting Corn Around Papaya Seedlings:
One month after planting papaya seedlings, it's recommended to plant corn around them, especially in areas exposed to cold northern winds. Papaya trees are vulnerable to roundworm infections, but corn attracts these pests away, reducing their impact. When aphids feed on corn, they are less likely to transmit harmful toxins. In winter, corn planted in northern regions helps block wind and cold, offering protection. Due to its short growing period, corn needs to be planted multiple times throughout the season.
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