Pollution-free carrot high-yielding cultivation techniques
1. Preparation Before Sowing
1.1 Soil Selection: Choose deep, well-drained soil rich in organic matter, such as loam or sandy loam, and avoid heavy clay soils that tend to retain too much water. It is best to use land previously planted with wheat, corn, or legumes, with legumes being the most suitable due to their nitrogen-fixing properties.
1.2 Soil Preparation: After harvesting, plow the field to a depth of 25–30 cm. Apply 2,500–3,000 kg of well-rotted organic manure before tilling, ensuring it is thoroughly mixed into the soil. Water the field before sowing, then till the soil 2–3 times to create a fine, loose seedbed with a depth of about 15 cm. The goal is to achieve the “level, soft, broken, neat, compact, and smooth†standard for optimal seed germination.
1.3 Variety Selection and Seed Treatment: Common carrot varieties include Japan’s “New Kuroda Five-Inch Ginseng†and the U.S. variety “Red Heart Golden Bamboo Shoots.†These have growth periods of around 120 and 135 days, respectively, and are both summer-sown types. Select high-quality seeds that are disease-free and suitable for your local climate.
1.4 Seed Treatment: Dry the seeds for 1–2 days, then soak them in warm water for 3 hours. Place the soaked seeds in a clean, moist cloth and keep them at a temperature of 20–25°C. Mist the cloth regularly to maintain moisture. Once most of the seeds begin to germinate and show white sprouts, they are ready for sowing.
2. Sowing
2.1 Determine the Sowing Date: Sow when the average daily temperature reaches 13°C. In mountainous and hilly areas, mid-May is ideal. Adjust the sowing date based on local weather and variety characteristics. For example, “American Golden Bamboo Shoots†should be sown slightly earlier than “New Kuroda Ginseng†to avoid bolting due to early planting or poor yield from late planting.
2.2 Sowing Methods: Large-scale fields should use mechanical sowing. Ensure agricultural equipment is properly adjusted to ensure even seed distribution. Use 450–500 grams of seeds per mu, mixed with five times the amount of fine sand or dry sawdust. Set row spacing at 25–30 cm and sow at a depth of 1.5 cm. Lightly press the soil after sowing. For small plots, use hand sowing, dig furrows, cover the seeds with 1.5 cm of fine soil, and press gently. Cover the area with straw to protect the seeds and promote emergence. You can also intercrop with fast-growing plants like cabbage or oilseed rape to provide shade and help control weeds.
3. Seedling Management
During hot and dry weather, irrigate 1–2 times to ensure proper moisture for seedling emergence. About 15 days after sowing, seedlings will appear. At this stage, thin out the seedlings, removing weak or small ones, leaving only strong, healthy plants spaced 7 cm apart. Perform the first cultivation to loosen the soil. When the plants have 4–5 true leaves, perform the second thinning and maintain a density of 30,000–33,000 plants per mu. Remove weeds manually whenever possible, as chemical herbicides may reduce product quality.
4. Irrigation
When the fleshy roots begin to thicken, they require more water. Water regularly but avoid overwatering, which can cause root cracking. Aim for 3–4 irrigation sessions throughout the growing season, keeping the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged.
5. Fertilization
If the soil is low in nutrients, apply quick-acting organic fertilizer during the root development stage. Use 1,000 kg of fermented human urine diluted in water to prevent burning the young plants. Apply this solution every 15–20 days during irrigation to support healthy growth.
6. Pest and Disease Control
Use biological and physical methods to manage pests and diseases. Avoid using systemic chemical pesticides, as they can harm beneficial insects and reduce crop quality.
6.1 Insect Pests: Common pests include cutworms and flea beetles. Cutworms feed on seedlings at night, so manual trapping or bait methods (e.g., mixing trichlorfon crystals with fried bran) can be effective. Flea beetles damage roots, leading to bacterial infections. Use a mixture of 1 part sugar, 1 part vinegar, and 2.5 parts water to attract and kill adult beetles during sunny afternoons.
6.2 Diseases: Powdery mildew affects leaves and stems. Spray a diluted solution of agricultural anti-irritant (150–200 times) at the first sign of infection. Bacterial soft rot affects underground roots; remove and destroy infected plants, disinfect the surrounding soil with lime, and spray a 500-times dilution of 50% DT wettable powder 2–3 times, with a 7–10 day interval.
7. Harvesting and Storage
7.1 Harvest: Harvest when most of the leaves turn yellow and the outer leaves begin to wither, indicating physiological maturity. Use either manual or mechanical methods to cut off the green tops, gently remove dirt, and select roots weighing over 70 grams each.
7.2 Storage: Store carrots in trenches or cellars. Modern methods often use underground storage pits, which should be deeper than the frozen soil layer—typically 2 meters deep, 3 meters wide, and of any length. Cover the pit with straw or wood and add 40 cm of soil for insulation. Pack the carrots in 1-meter-long bags and place them in the cellar, ensuring good ventilation. Maintain a temperature between 1–3°C and humidity above 95%. Carrots can be stored until spring for sale during the cold season.
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