Pollution-free carrot high-yielding cultivation techniques

1. Preparation Before Sowing

1.1 Soil Selection: Choose deep, well-drained loamy or sandy loam soils rich in organic matter and with a convenient water source. Avoid heavy clay soils that tend to retain too much moisture. The previous crops should ideally be wheat, corn, or beans, with beans being the most suitable for preparing the soil.

1.2 Soil Preparation: After harvesting, plow the field to a depth of 25–30 cm as soon as possible. Before turning the soil, apply 2,500–3,000 kg of well-rotted organic manure and mix it thoroughly into the soil. Water the field before sowing, then loosen the soil 2–3 times, ensuring it is fine and reaches a depth of 15 cm. The goal is to achieve the "level, soft, broken, neat, firm, and compact" standard.

1.3 Variety Selection and Seed Treatment: Popular carrot varieties include Japan's "New Kuroda Five-Inch Ginseng" and the U.S. "Red Heart Golden Bamboo Shoots." These varieties have growth periods of approximately 120 and 135 days respectively, making them ideal for summer sowing.

1.4 Seed Treatment: Dry the seeds for 1–2 days, then soak them in warm water for 3 hours. Place them in clean, moist gauze and keep them at a temperature between 20–25°C. Mist the seeds regularly to maintain moisture. Once most of the seeds begin to germinate (show white tips), they are ready for sowing.

2. Sowing

2.1 Determining the Sowing Date: Sow when the average daily temperature reaches 13°C. In mountainous and hilly areas, the best time is mid-May. Adjust the sowing date based on local climate and variety. For instance, "American Golden Bamboo Shoots" should be sown slightly earlier than "New Kuroda Ginseng." Sowing too early may increase bolting, while sowing too late can shorten the growing period, reducing yield and quality.

2.2 Sowing Methods: For large-scale planting, use mechanical sowing equipment, adjusting the settings to ensure even seed distribution. Use 450–500 grams of seeds per mu, mixed with five times the amount of fine sand or dry sawdust. Maintain row spacing of 25–30 cm and a sowing depth of 1.5 cm. After sowing, press the soil lightly. For small plots, sow manually by digging furrows, cover the seeds with 1.5 cm of fine soil, and press down with your feet. Cover the area with straw to protect the seeds. Alternatively, intercrop with fast-growing plants like cabbage or oilseed rape to provide shade and help suppress weeds.

3. Seedling Management

During high temperatures and drought, irrigate 1–2 times with "baomiao" water to aid germination. About 15 days after sowing, the first true leaves appear. At this stage, thin out the seedlings in the afternoon, removing weak or small ones and leaving only strong, healthy plants. Keep the spacing at 7 cm. Conduct the second cultivation to loosen the soil. Remove weeds manually as soon as they appear, avoiding chemical herbicides to prevent damage to the crop quality.

4. Irrigation

When the fleshy roots start to thicken, their water demand increases. Provide adequate but controlled irrigation—avoid overwatering to prevent cracking. A total of 3–4 irrigation sessions are typically needed throughout the growing season.

5. Fertilization

For poor soils, apply quick-acting organic fertilizer during root enlargement. Mix 1,000 kg of fermented human urine with water and apply it carefully to avoid burning the seedlings due to high concentration. Repeat every 15–20 days before each irrigation.

6. Pest and Disease Control

Use biological and physical control methods where possible. Avoid systemic chemical pesticides to preserve product quality.

6.1 Insect Pests: Common pests include cutworms and flea beetles. Cutworms feed on seedlings at night, causing damage. Manual trapping or bait methods using trichlorfon mixed with fried bran or oil cake are effective. Flea beetles attack underground roots, creating wounds that lead to bacterial infections. Use a mixture of 1 part sugar, 1 part vinegar, and 2.5 parts water to trap and kill adults during sunny afternoons.

6.2 Diseases: Powdery mildew affects leaves and stems; spray with diluted agricultural antiseptic (150–200 times) at the first sign. Bacterial soft rot affects roots. Remove infected plants immediately and disinfect the surrounding soil with lime. If necessary, apply 50% DT wettable powder (500 times dilution) two to three times, with a 7–10 day interval.

7. Harvesting and Storage

7.1 Harvesting: When the majority of leaves turn yellow and the outer leaves begin to yellow, the carrots are physiologically mature. Harvest manually or mechanically, cutting off the green tops and gently brushing off dirt. Select roots weighing over 70 grams for sale.

7.2 Storage: Use trenches or cellars, with modern storage often using kilns. Dig pits deeper than the frost line (about 2 meters deep, 3 meters wide). Cover with straw or wood and add 40 cm of soil. Pack the carrots in one-meter-long bags and store them in the cellar. Ensure proper ventilation and maintain a temperature of 1–3°C with 95% humidity. Sell the stored carrots during spring, after the freezing season has passed.

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