Intercropping technique of grape

In order to maximize land and space utilization within greenhouse facilities and increase overall income, limited intercropping can be practiced without negatively affecting grape growth or yield. Especially during the first one or two years after planting, when grapevines are small and their canopy is not yet dense, it's an ideal time to utilize the available space by growing short-cycle, low-growing crops. This helps optimize resource use, such as light, temperature, and soil nutrients. From the third year onward, as the grape vines grow taller and the canopy becomes denser, the space between rows becomes shaded, making it less suitable for most intercropping. At this stage, only crops with a very short growth cycle can be planted before the grape leaves fully develop, typically during the pre-flowering period. Alternatively, potted plants can be used for vertical cultivation, making efficient use of indoor space. However, tall-stemmed or long-season crops, as well as leafy vegetables, should be avoided to prevent competition for water, nutrients, and sunlight. Currently, several crops are commonly grown inside grape greenhouses: 1. **Strawberries**: These are an excellent choice due to their compact size, shade tolerance, and short growth cycle. They can complete their flowering and fruiting phase before the grape canopy fully develops, making them complementary in terms of land, light, and temperature usage. Ideal varieties for greenhouse cultivation include Baojiaoshengsheng, Red Gloves, Gorella, Hongyi, Mingjing, Minglei, Chunxiang, and Jinmei No. 22, which are known for early maturity, high yield, and disease resistance. Strawberry seedlings are usually raised in open fields and transplanted into the greenhouse rows between September and October. After developing a few new leaves, they go through winter dormancy. By early February, as temperatures rise, they begin active growth. Strawberries start ripening in early April and are ready for market. By May, the fruit-bearing plants are moved back to open ground to continue producing new seedlings. The cycle repeats from September to October when they are brought back into the greenhouse. However, strawberries are prone to diseases like powdery mildew and gray mold. To manage this, it's recommended to spray 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder at 1500–2000 times dilution or 50% bacillus thuringiensis at 1000 times dilution every two weeks before bud formation and up to two weeks before harvest. Overplanting strawberries for too many years can lead to increased disease pressure and lower yields, so it’s advisable to rotate them every two to three years. 2. **Vegetables**: A variety of vegetables can be intercropped in the rows between grapevines. This allows for multiple harvests throughout the year. For example, in northern China, leeks can be transplanted into greenhouses in early November, harvested by late March, then moved back to open fields. Radishes can follow, then garlic is planted in early August, and so on. In late December, celery seedlings can be placed in the greenhouse, and by April, they are harvested. Later in September, oyster mushrooms are cultivated. Additionally, jincai root (a type of radish) is grown for the Spring Festival market. Electric heating lines can also be installed between grape rows to support early vegetable seedling growth. From January to February, crops like cabbages, tomatoes, peppers, and cucumbers can be cultivated. Watermelons, melons, and other nutrient-rich crops can also be quickly grown using nutrient bags. 3. **Herbs**: Certain herbs, such as *Gastrodia elata* (Tianma), thrive in shady and moist conditions, which are naturally provided by the dense foliage of grapevines. This makes grapes an ideal companion plant for these herbs. Additionally, ginseng can be grown in pots under the shaded area of the grape trellis, further utilizing the available space.

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