Intercropping technique of grape

In order to maximize land and space utilization in the shed facilities and boost income, limited intercropping can be implemented without negatively affecting grape growth or yield. Especially during the first one or two years after planting, when grapevines are small and their canopy is sparse, it's an ideal time to grow short-cycle dwarf crops that don’t compete for light or nutrients. However, from the third year onward, as the vines grow and the shade between rows increases, intercropping becomes less favorable due to insufficient light and competition. At this stage, only short-season crops can be planted before the grape’s flowering period, or potted plants can be hung for vertical farming. Tall or long-season crops, as well as leafy vegetables, should be avoided to prevent competition for water and nutrients. Currently, a variety of crops are grown inside grape sheds: 1. **Strawberries**: These are ideal for intercropping because they are low-growing, shade-tolerant, and have a short growing cycle. They can complete their flowering and fruiting process before the grape canopy fully develops, making them complementary in terms of land, light, and temperature use. Selecting high-quality strawberry varieties such as Baojiaoshengsheng, Red Gloves, Gorella, Hongyi, Mingjing, Minglei, Chunxiang, and Jinmei No. 22 is recommended for greenhouse cultivation. These varieties are early-maturing, disease-resistant, and suitable for controlled environments. Strawberry seedlings should be prepared in open fields and transplanted into the grape rows in September or October. After producing a few new leaves, they will survive the winter. As temperatures rise in early February, they begin to grow again. By early April, the strawberries start ripening and are ready for market. By May, the fruiting plants are moved back to open fields to continue growing new seedlings. This cycle repeats every September and October. However, strawberries in greenhouses are prone to diseases like powdery mildew and gray mold. To manage these, apply 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder at a dilution of 1500–2000 times, or 50% bacillus subtilis at 1000 times, every two weeks before budding and up to two weeks before harvest. Overcrowding and heavy flowering can reduce yield and quality, so it's advisable to rotate strawberry crops every two to three years. 2. **Vegetables**: Various vegetables can be intercropped between grape rows throughout the year. For example, in North China, leeks are often transplanted into greenhouses in early November. After harvesting in late March, they are moved back to open fields, followed by radishes. Garlic is then planted in early August, and after harvesting, the garlic is replanted among the leeks. In late December, celery seedlings are introduced, and after harvesting in April, oyster mushrooms are cultivated. In mid-September, the cycle continues with Jincai root for the Spring Festival market. Electric heating lines can also be installed between grape rows to support vegetable seedlings. From January to February, cabbages, tomatoes, peppers, and cucumbers can be grown. Watermelons, melons, and other nutrient-rich crops can also be quickly cultivated using nutrient bags. 3. **Herbs**: Gastrodia (Tianma) is well-suited for intercropping under grape vines, as it thrives in shady and moist conditions. The dense foliage of grapevines naturally provides the necessary shade. Additionally, potted ginseng can be grown under the grape frame in shaded areas, taking full advantage of the microclimate created by the vines.

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