High yield cultivation field irrigation technology
At present, more advanced irrigation technology is intermittent irrigation. This method involves applying water only when necessary, maintaining shallow water levels, allowing the field to dry periodically, and adjusting the crop’s growth through wet or shallow irrigation techniques. The goal is to maximize the combined effects of water, fertilizer, temperature, and pesticides, ultimately boosting crop yield.
(1) In the fields used for soaking and brewing, about 30% of the total water is consumed. To save water, autumn plowing can be carried out, and in early spring, dry ridges can be created or rotary plows can be used to break up the soil. Then, shallow water is applied to concentrate the moisture in the field. Edges are cleared, and water is directed into the fields efficiently. This ensures that water is used where it's most needed.
(2) After transplanting during the green-up phase, shallow irrigation should be implemented to encourage early recovery, slow seedling growth, and promote tillering at the lower part of the plant. The water depth should be kept under 3 cm. Since the roots are vulnerable after transplanting and their water absorption is weak, a continuous water supply helps reduce leaf evaporation, aids in warming, improves wind resistance, and promotes the development of new roots.
(3) During the effective tillering period, which usually starts after mid-June, shallow irrigation with proper drying is recommended to encourage early tiller formation. The water layer should be around 1-3 cm. During this time, timely top-dressing of fertilizers and chemical weed control should be done. To ensure effectiveness, no irrigation or drainage should occur during the active period, and the water layer should be maintained for 5–7 days.
(4) At the end of the tillering stage, typically in late June or early July, the fields should be drained to allow slight footprints and small cracks on the surface. A dry period of 7–8 days is generally recommended. This helps control excessive growth, strengthens the root system, prevents premature ridge closure, and improves ventilation. However, saline-alkali soils, thin fields, and weak seedlings should not undergo complete drying; instead, a deeper water layer of 10–13 cm can be used to manage ineffective growth.
(5) During the young spike formation stage, rice begins to differentiate spikelets. This is a period of strong growth and high water demand, marking the peak of its physiological and environmental water needs. Deep irrigation is required, with a water layer of 4–6 cm being ideal. Fertilizers for panicle and grain development should be applied skillfully during this time.
(6) During the milk to dough stage, proper irrigation is crucial to maintain root vitality and support leaf photosynthesis, which is essential for increasing grain weight. Intermittent irrigation is recommended: fill the field with a 3 cm water layer, let it dry naturally until the surface is moist, keep it moist for 2–3 days, then repeat. If the water layer remains for more than 6–7 days, partial drainage is advised.
(7) In the yellow ripening stage, the plant’s water requirements drop significantly. Water supply must be carefully controlled and reduced. Typically, the field should be drained within 15–20 days, depending on local conditions. This helps increase temperature and promote early maturity. However, adjustments should be made based on local climate—early-season areas may drain earlier, while dry or saline-alkali lands should delay drainage to avoid premature aging.
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