At present, more advanced irrigation technology is intermittent irrigation. This method involves watering only when necessary, maintaining shallow water levels, allowing fields to dry slightly between irrigations, and using wet or shallow irrigation techniques to optimize the crop's growth conditions. The goal is to maximize the combined effects of water, fertilizer, temperature, and pesticides in order to boost yield and improve efficiency.
(1) About 30% of the total water used in soaking and seedling fields can be saved through careful management. In autumn, tilling the soil helps reduce water use, while in early spring, dry ridges can be created to level the field or use a rotary plough for better preparation. Then, shallow water is applied to concentrate the moisture, eliminating edge water loss by directing water directly into the field. This ensures efficient water distribution and usage.
(2) After transplanting during the green-up phase, shallow irrigation with a water depth of about 3 cm is recommended to promote early recovery and control seedling growth. Since the roots are sensitive after transplanting and have limited water absorption capacity, it’s important to gradually increase the water supply. This helps reduce leaf evaporation, aids in warming the plants, improves wind resistance, and encourages new root development.
(3) During the effective tillering period, which usually starts after mid-June, shallow irrigation with a 1–3 cm water layer is ideal. At this stage, timely top-dressing and weed control with chemicals are essential. To ensure maximum effectiveness of fertilizers and herbicides, no irrigation or drainage should occur during the treatment period, and the water layer should remain for 5–7 days.
(4) The termination of tillering occurs around late June to early July. At this time, it’s important to drain the fields until the ground has slight cracks and a light footprint. A drying period of 7–8 days is typical. This helps control unnecessary tillers, promotes root development, prevents premature canopy closure, and improves air circulation. However, saline-alkali soils, weak seedlings, or thin fields should not be dried; instead, a deeper water layer of 10–13 cm can be maintained to manage ineffective tillering.
(5) During the young spike formation stage, rice begins to differentiate spikelets. This is a critical period with high growth activity, strong photosynthesis, and high water demand. A water layer of 4–6 cm is generally recommended. At this time, applying panicle and grain fertilizers effectively supports the plant’s development.
(6) During the milk to dough stage, proper irrigation is crucial to maintain root health and support leaf function, which aids in dry matter accumulation and increases grain weight. Intermittent irrigation is advised: fill the field with 3 cm of water, let it dry naturally, keep the surface moist for 2–3 days, then repeat. If the water layer remains too long (more than 6–7 days), partial drainage is recommended to avoid overwatering.
(7) In the yellow ripening stage, the plant’s water needs decrease significantly. Water should be reduced and controlled, typically drained 15–20 days before harvest. This helps raise temperatures and speed up maturity. However, local conditions such as climate, soil type, and field strength should be considered. In areas with early seasons, dry land, or saline-alkali soils, drainage should be delayed to avoid premature aging.
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