Artificial fly rearing
Housefly larvae (Musca domestica) and earthworms are both rich in protein, contain high levels of fatty acids, and offer a more comprehensive amino acid profile. Their nutritional value is comparable to that of imported fishmeal. Additionally, through artificial aseptic feeding, it's possible to extract antibacterial active proteins, which can help boost human immunity. In recent years, the utilization of fly larvae has gained significant attention globally. As an omnivorous species, houseflies can thrive on various organic waste materials such as rice bran, wheat bran, distiller’s grains, soybean dregs, fruit pomace, and animal manure. These materials support the growth of protein-rich larvae, which are widely used as feed for poultry, fish, and shellfish.
The life cycle of Musca domestica is quite rapid. Under natural conditions, they can complete 7 to 8 generations per year. However, under controlled breeding environments, this number can exceed 25 generations annually. The egg stage lasts 1–2 days, the larval stage takes 4–6 days, and the pupal stage is about 5 days. Adult flies typically live for 1–2 months, while those that overwinter can survive up to 4–5 months. With proper management, a full generation can be completed in around 15 days, and maggots can be produced in just 4–5 days.
Feeding adult houseflies is crucial for obtaining high-quality eggs. It's recommended to use sterile flies from research institutions for better results. Wild flies may be used, but they often have lower reproduction rates and produce smaller, less viable offspring. Adults can be raised in small rooms or in specially designed fly cages, with the latter being more efficient for control and management. Cages should be made of mesh and equipped with feeding bowls, trays, and spawning areas. The feed can be a cooked flour paste mixed with a saccharification agent, or a yeast-based paste. Spawning usually occurs between 8 AM and 3 PM, with eggs collected twice daily—once at noon and again in the late afternoon.
For feeding fly larvae, various setups like cylinders, plates, pools, or multi-layer feeders can be used. Large-scale operations often use rectangular pools made of bricks, with dimensions of 1.2m x 0.8m x 0.4m. The bottom must be waterproof, and the walls should be cemented for durability. A wooden frame cover is ideal for the pool opening. The choice of feed depends on the intended use: wheat bran, rice bran, or distiller’s grains are preferred for producing sterile larvae, while chicken manure, cow dung, or slaughterhouse waste works well for animal feed. Fresh materials are essential, with approximately 35–40 kg of culture material per square meter, spread 4–6 cm thick. About 200,000 to 250,000 eggs are inoculated per square meter, weighing around 20–25 grams. After 4–5 days, the larvae mature and are separated using 8-mesh and 16-mesh sieves. The harvested larvae can be dried, processed into powder, or used fresh. Daily production can reach 0.5–1 kg per square meter.
By following strict protocols and ensuring no adult flies escape, fly farms can operate without causing environmental pollution. In fact, the presence of fly larvae helps reduce odors from organic waste, contributing to environmental purification. This makes the entire process not only efficient but also sustainable and eco-friendly.
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