Artificial fly rearing
Houseflies (Musca domestica) and earthworms are both rich in protein, contain high levels of fatty acids, and offer a more complete range of amino acids. Their nutritional profile closely resembles that of imported fishmeal. Additionally, through artificial aseptic rearing, it's possible to extract antibacterial proteins that can enhance human immunity. In recent years, the utilization of fly larvae has gained significant attention globally. As an omnivorous insect, houseflies can thrive on various organic materials such as rice bran, wheat bran, distiller’s grains, soybean residues, fruit peels, chicken manure, cow dung, and pig manure. These materials allow for the production of high-protein larvae, which are widely used in animal feed for poultry, fish, and shellfish.
The life cycle of Musca domestica is quite rapid. Under natural conditions, they can produce 7 to 8 generations per year, while in controlled environments, this number can exceed 25 generations annually. The egg stage lasts 1–2 days, the larval stage 4–6 days, and the pupal stage around 5 days. Adult flies typically live for 1–2 months, with overwintering adults surviving up to 4–5 months. With proper management, a full generation can be completed in about 15 days, and fly maggots can be produced in just 4–5 days.
To breed adult flies effectively, it's recommended to use sterile strains obtained from research institutions. Wild flies may be used, but they often have lower reproductive rates and smaller offspring. Adults are usually raised in small rooms or cages, with cages being more practical for management and to prevent escape. Fly cages are typically made with mesh screens and equipped with feeding bowls, trays, and spawning areas. Feeding can be done with a saccharified flour paste (flour to water ratio 1:7, cooked into a paste, then mixed with 10% saccharification enzyme and fermented at 60°C for 8 hours), or a yeast-based paste. Spawning occurs between 8 AM and 3 PM, with eggs collected twice daily—once at noon and again in the afternoon.
When raising fly larvae, containers like cylinders, plates, or multi-tiered feeders can be used. For large-scale operations, rectangular pools made of bricks and lined with cement are common. These pools should be waterproof and covered with wooden frames. The type of feed depends on the purpose: for sterile maggots, wheat bran or rice bran is preferred, while for animal feed, manure or food waste works well. Fresh materials are ideal, with about 35–40 kg of culture medium per square meter, 4–6 cm thick. Approximately 200,000 to 250,000 eggs are inoculated per square meter. After 4–5 days, the larvae mature and can be separated using 8-mesh and 16-mesh sieves. The larvae can then be dried, processed into powder, or used directly. Daily production reaches 0.5–1 kg per square meter. By following strict protocols and preventing adult flies from escaping, fly maggot farms remain clean and odor-free. In fact, the process helps reduce odors from chicken manure, contributing to environmental purification.
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