How to prevent tomato empty fruit
The empty fruit of a tomato refers to the space that forms between the fleshy part and the inner cavity of the fruit, which can negatively impact both its marketability and taste. This issue typically arises from improper use of plant hormones or from the development of overly large seeds that become trapped within the fruit cavity. When the pulp and cavity grow too quickly, it can lead to an empty or hollow fruit. To prevent this problem, several key measures should be taken:
First, focus on healthy growth and proper management of tomato plants. Encourage strong, natural development without over-reliance on artificial hormones, allowing tomatoes to mature normally. This helps maintain balanced growth and reduces the risk of abnormal fruit formation.
If plant hormones are used, always follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully. Avoid increasing the dosage unnecessarily. For example, when using 2,4-D, the recommended concentration is 15-20 mg/l, while anti-drop hormone should be applied at 25-50 mg/l. Adjust the concentration based on temperature—higher concentrations may be needed in cooler conditions, and lower ones in hotter weather.
Root health is also crucial. Poor root development can hinder water and nutrient uptake, even if the flowers appear healthy. Strong roots ensure the plant can support fruit development properly. Therefore, maintaining good root care through proper watering and soil management is essential.
In a single inflorescence, if the flowering time of the first to fifth or sixth flowers is not synchronized, it can cause competition for nutrients among developing fruits. This often leads to hollow fruits in later-developing flowers. To avoid this, aim for the simultaneous opening of 3-4 flowers and apply growth hormones accordingly to promote uniform development.
Fertilizer management is another important factor. Especially during the mid to late growth stages, ensure adequate nutrition to prevent delayed fertilizer application. Begin top-dressing every 5-7 days once the plants start setting fruit. A mix of 10-15 kg of diammonium phosphate, 5-10 kg of potassium sulfate, and 1-2 kg of multi-element fertilizer per acre, along with 500-1000 kg of compost, should be applied 4-5 times throughout the season.
High nitrogen levels, excessive moisture, and elevated night temperatures can cause uneven flowering. In such cases, pruning or topping the plant can help balance growth and reduce the occurrence of empty fruits.
Finally, adjust plant density and leaf area based on environmental conditions. Removing some fruits can encourage more leaf growth, improving nutrient assimilation and reducing the likelihood of hollow fruits. For instance, reducing the number of fruits per plant while increasing planting density can lead to higher yields with fewer empty fruits.
By implementing these strategies, growers can significantly reduce the occurrence of empty fruits and improve overall tomato quality and productivity.
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