Wood through the identification of herbs
Herbal identification
Character identification
(1) The wood cane is cylindrical and slightly twisted, with a diameter of 0.2-0.5 cm. Surface gray brown, shiny,
There are shallow vertical stripes, lenticels round or transverse oblong, prominent, about 1mm in diameter; with branches. Quality is crisp, easy to break, cross-section is smooth, skin is thin and easy to peel, wood is gray, catheter holes are arranged closely and without rules, ray is thin, not obvious, central medullary round, obvious. Gas slightly, tasteless and slightly pungent.
(2) Three-leafed wood cane is cylindrical, twisted, with a diameter of 0.2-1.5 cm. Surface gray, beige or dark brown, uneven color, very rough, there are many irregular longitudinal cracks and transverse cracks, sometimes gray green moss, lenticels round or transverse oblong, protruding, brown, inconspicuous, Diameter 1-2mm; with branches. The skin is easily peeled off from the wood, and the surface of the skin is brownish-yellow, with deep brown longitudinal grooves at the ray. Quality tough, hard to break, cross-section of the wood is yellow-white, catheter hole fine, irregular arrangement, ray light brown, round and large pith. Micro gas, beads slightly bitter.
(3) White wood cane diameter 5 ~ 8mm. The surface is yellow-brown or dark brown, with irregular longitudinal grooves; branches. Quality tough, difficult to break, the section of the wood is light yellow, fine tubing, irregular arrangement, about 13 rays, light yellow radial, round pith. Gas micro, taste emblem bitter.
Microscopic identification
Cane cross section:
(1) Mutong cork cells, often containing brown inclusions; suppository cells containing small calcium oxalate crystals, containing crystals
Irregularly thickened cell walls, weakly woody. Cortical cells 6 to 10 columns, some also contains several small spindles. The middle peripheries are alternately arranged as a continuous shallow wavy ring zone by the crystal-containing fiber bundles and the spar-containing cell groups. There are 16 to 26 vascular bundles. Phloem cells are thin-walled. The formation of layers within the beam is obvious. Xylem catheter diffused type. The radiographs clearly show that there are 1 to 3 columns of spar-containing cells in the outer side of the lining sheath, and the inner ray cell walls are thickened and woody, with distinct single-pattern holes. Periprosthetic cells are round, thick, and ligniny, with round single pits, often containing 1 to several prisms, with a few parenchyma cells in the center, and the walls are not ligninized.
(2) A. trifolii is similar to A. quinquefolium. The main difference is that there are no brown inclusions in the wood column cells; the middle plagioclase-containing fiber bundles and the spar-containing cell groups are alternately arranged in a continuous ring zone, but the spar-containing cell group It exists only at the location opposite to the ray; there are 27 to 31 vascular bundles.
(3) Baimutong is similar to Aesculus quinquefolium. The main difference is that the middle peripheric sheath is similar to the trifoliate phyllosma. The oligodendrocyte cell group only exists on the outside of the ray; Stone cell clusters are connected; about 13 vascular bundles.
Physical and chemical identification
(1) Take 1g of the coarse powder, add 10ml of water, boil for 2-3min, filter it while it is still hot, take the filtrate into the test tube, shake vigorously to produce a persistent foam, and the foam will not disappear after heating. (Check saponins)
(2) Hemolysis test Take 2 drops of 2% defibrinated erythrocyte saline solution on a glass slide, cover the slide, observe the shape of the red blood cells under a microscope, and then add 1 drop of sample saline on the cover glass side. Immerse the liquid (l:3) and use a filter paper on the other end of the cover slip to attract the liquid so that the detection gradually seeps into the coverslip and hemolysis occurs quickly at the point of contact with the red blood cells. (check soap type)
(3) The product water extract is evaporated to dryness, and 1-2 ml of acetic anhydride is added for dissolution, followed by the addition of concentrated sulfur-acetic anhydride reagent. The color changes from yellow to red, purple and blue. (Check soap type).
Name identification
1. Wood pass:
(1) Cane trees, wood-leaf trees, or wood-leaf trees, all of which are genuine wood-passages. The three are deciduous wood-wrapped vines, 3 to 15 meters long. Mutong is mainly produced in East China. Palmate compound leaves, 5 leaflets, obovate or elliptic, 3–6 cm long.
(2) A. trifolia: mainly produced in Zhejiang and other places. Three out of complex leaves, leaflets oval or long oval, length and width vary greatly, the edge of shallow wavy wavy.
(3) Bai Mutong: Mainly produced in Sichuan and other places. Amorphous form of A. trifoliate, but full leaflet, thick texture.
2. Chuanmutong: is a plant of the family Ranunculaceae, which is a clematis of the genus Hydrangea, or a cane of a small wood. They are all woody vines and are 6 to 8 meters long. They have a cylindrical stem, vertical stripes, and branchlets with ribs and short hairs. Leaves opposite, are three compound leaves.
(1) Hydrangea vines are mainly produced in Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan, Guizhou and Taiwan. Leaf blade ovate, broadly ovate or elliptic, 2–7 cm long, 1–5 cm wide, apex acute or acuminate, 3-lobed, margin serrate.
(2) Xiao Mu Tong is mainly produced in Shaanxi, Gansu, Fujian and other places. Leaves leathery, ovate-lanceolate, ovate or lanceolate, 4 to 16 cm long, 2 to 8 cm wide, apex acuminate, base rounded or shallowly cordate, entire.
3. Guan Mu Tong: medicinal herbs cane is long cylindrical, diameter of 1 to 6 cm, the surface is grayish yellow or light brown-yellow, there are shallow longitudinal grooves and patches of light brown cork skin marks. Lightweight, hard, yellow-white or yellow cross-section, narrow skin, wide wood, mostly pinhole-shaped catheter, or multi-layered concentric rings, and white ray like spider web, small pith, narrow Strips. The pieces are round slices, and the wood is wide. There are multiple layers arranged in circular holes and radial textures. The pith is not obvious and the skin is thin. Lightweight and hard. Gas slightly, bitter.
Herbal medicine and decoction identification
(1) Mutong: canes are cylindrical, twisted, gray or brown surface, skin and wood easily peeled, gray or yellow-white wood, cross-section catheter hole fine, irregular arrangement, the central pith is round and large . The pieces are irregular flakes with a light brown or brownish color on the surface, vertical stripes around them, grayish green or grayish brown, and slightly bitter taste.
(2) Chuanmutong: medicinal herbs cane is cylindrical, the surface has fine longitudinal grooves and ridges, the outer skin layer has a longitudinal groove tearing, section enlargement, cross-section with radial stripes and duct holes, pith yellow-white or yellow-green, there are Voids. The pieces are round slices with yellowish or yellowish surface, radial textures and fissures, covered with small holes, small white pith class, occasional cavities, brownish surrounding, longitudinal grooves and ridge lines. Hard, odorless and tasteless.
Research by the same name
The wood pass of Mouton (known as the Akebia), the Rhizopsa of Moutonidae, and the Aristolochiaceae are all referred to as Mouton. Guan Mu Tong, and according to research, "This wood is not pass through." Commonly used in the market, commonly used in the market, Guan Mu Tong and the ancient book “Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing†have the same name as “Mu Tong,†but it is not a thing. Guan Mu Tong belongs to the Aristolochiaceae family. Aristolochic acid contained in it has been researched and proved to cause human kidney damage. It is a "toxic" type of Chinese medicine ("Chinese Pharmacopoeia"). The toxic Chinese medicine is divided into three types: toxic, toxic, and toxic. ). The wood pass recorded in the "Shen Nong's Materia Medica" is a wooden pass of the wood-leaf family, and its nature is non-toxic.
Curcumin is a yellow pigment extracted from the rhizome of turmeric. Curcumin has long been used in food industry as a Natural Pigment. It is stable to reducing agents, has strong coloring power and does not fade easily, but is sensitive to light, heat and iron ions. Mainly used for dyeing canned, intestinal products and sauces. Curcumin also has important economic value and a wide range of pharmacological effects, such as hypolipidemic, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-atherosclerosis and so on.
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