Culture technology of Penaeus vannamei cement pool
First, aquaculture technology
1. Pond conditions
The pond should have sufficient salty water resources, generally requiring a salinity of 10 ‰ or more, with convenient drainage and drainage; a square cement pond with an area of ​​200-500 m2, a pond depth of 1-1.1 meters; and two 1kw/aerators, also A plastic tube can be added for oxygenation at the bottom.
2. Preparation before restocking
(1) Water injection disinfection Water injection disinfection water injection 50-60cm, and bleaching powder and other drugs are completely disinfected, the amount of bleaching powder is 100ppm (effective chlorine 25-32%). After 3 days drain and rinse.
(2) Exposure of the pond to the concrete pool is followed by 1-2 days exposure.
(3) Influent fertilizer water 4-5 days before seedling emergence, water intake 80cm, fertilizer and water products to use fertilizer to cultivate rich natural food and beneficial algae, etc., to provide natural food for shrimp, will help improve the survival rate of shrimp seedlings.
3, shrimp stocking
Shrimp should be selected for health, good vigor, and high-density breeds. The stocking densities should be determined according to specific conditions such as water source, hardware facilities, and stocking time. Early hatching time is in early March. The temperature in the plastic insulation shed can reach 20°C and the seedlings can be planted. The density is generally 300/m2; the late seedling release time is in the middle and mid-August, and the density is generally 350-400. /m2.
4, feeding and management
(1) Adhere to the principle of small meals. Feeding time is 5:30, 11:00, 17:30 and 22:30 every day.
(2) Feeding amount is fed at 200-300g per 100,000 seedlings per day, and then increased by 10% daily. Three weeks after releasing the seedlings, the bait-feeding table was set up. After the feeding, the feeding table was observed 1-1.5 h. After feeding, feeding was performed; otherwise, no feeding or cutting was performed.
(3) No pollution is required in the first 10 days after the sewage is discharged, and 3-5cm of water is added to the pond every day. In the 11-20 days, the sewage is discharged twice a day; the sewage discharge time is 10:00 and 16:00; after the 21st day, the sewage is discharged every half hour after observing the material table. Pay attention to the observation of sewage, sewage can be finished.
(4) Do not change the water in the first 10 days after changing the seedlings, change the water 10cm every day for the 11th to the 20th day, change the water for 15-20cm every day for the 20th to the 30th day, and increase the water exchange amount on the 30th to the 60th day. About 30cm per day; after the first 61 days, the amount of water exchange is adjusted according to the color of the shrimp pond and the feed of the shrimp, but it is greater than 30cm per day.
(5) During the seasoning of the spices, the heparin, allicin, cod liver oil, shrimp and so on shall be mixed and fed every 7-10 days. The photosynthetic bacteria were applied once every 10 days to cultivate advantageous bacteria and prevent Vibrio. Triphathic king can also be used regularly.
(6) After the aerator is placed, the aerator is to be opened every day for 1-20 days for 3-8h; for 21-60 days, it is turned on for 8-16 hours every day; after 61 days, the time except for feeding is stopped for 1-1.5h every day. , boot at other times.
5, harvest
The use of train cages is generally used for catching and listing in batches in order to increase the yield per unit area.
Second, examples of farmers
A customer of Meihua Town, Changle, has a cement pool of 5 mu. In 2008, the production of shrimp produced nearly 30,000 pounds of shrimp and 35,000 pounds of shrimp. Its annual profit exceeds 850,000 yuan.
A customer in Changle, Hong Kong, has 16 concrete pools, each with an area of ​​260 square meters and a depth of 1 meter. On March 12, 2009, 1.3 million high-quality SPF shrimps were placed, with an average of 81,250 ponds per pond. Feeding Zhengda Taifu Co., Ltd. shrimp ingredients. On June 16th, the shrimps reached the market specifications. When the aquaculture and breeding were fed 15580kg, the shrimps were harvested for 14950kg. The average size was 12.5g/tail (that is, 40 tails/kg), the average selling price was 32.4 yuan/kg, and the cost was 17 yuan/kg. Profit of 230.23 million yuan, equivalent to a profit of 14300 yuan per pond. The customer had 96 days of breeding days, and the survival rate of shrimps was 92%, and the feed coefficient was 1.04.
Third, the summary
1. As China's technology for breeding Penaeus vannamei is maturing, innovative breeding models become possible, and Changle Cement Pond's breeding model is a relatively successful exploration.
2. The key to the cement pool breeding mode is to put high-quality shrimp seedlings, reasonable stocking densities, detailed scientific management, and excellent quality shrimp feed, ie organic combination of “seedlings, baits, pipes, and denseâ€.
3. The production of white shrimp in South America in Changle Cement Pool is so high and the profit is so high. The main reasons are as follows:
(1) The water quality of Changle area is excellent. Changle has sufficient groundwater resources, low ammonia nitrogen and nitrous acid content, high salinity, and high water temperature, which is very suitable for winter-heated shed shrimp.
(2) It has high quality SPF shrimp. Before Zhenglong larval seedlings entered the Changle market, some farmers once used oyster fish cement ponds to cultivate Penaeus vannamei, but the success rate of the cultivars was unsatisfactory. After Zhengzhan larval seedlings were put on the market, the success rate of culturing was over 95%.
(3) The most important innovation of Changle's breeding mode is to break through the shackles of raising large shrimps and raising large quantities of water. This is a significant increase in the unit yield of shrimp. In 2005, a cement pond with an area of ​​420 square meters and 1,800 kg of shrimp production had been considered by the farmers as the highest output. After the large-scale water-changing breeding model was implemented, the same area of ​​ponds produced more than 5000 kg of shrimp.
(4) Fujian is located on the southeast coast. Fuzhou has a large sales volume and a wide range of radiation. The scope of shrimp sales includes not only the local market in Fujian, but also Zhejiang, Shandong, Jiangsu, and Shanghai. Therefore, Changle's price of white shrimp is high. Especially winter shed shrimp, its average selling price in 2007 and 2008 are more than 25 yuan / kg.
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