Key technologies for the safe production of facilities and vegetables

Pest control

1. Insect nets block pests. Select the appropriate type of insect nets to cover the cultivation type, analyze and summarize the pest control effect of the insect-resistant net covering the greenhouse in all weather conditions.

2. Yellow planks, sex attractants yellow-blue boards, frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps and other trapping and killing pests are numerous: more than 40 pests in more than 7 orders and 20 families, of which lepidoptera accounts for 69.8%, and nocturnal insect pests also account for 75.2% of lepidopteran pests. Reduce the number of drug control and the amount of drug used: The use of frequency-vibration type insecticidal lamp reduces the use of drugs by 2-3 times per day compared to the control (conventional management).

Disease prevention and treatment

Weed cultivation, moisture control and disease prevention [including cover-drop demist function membranes, under-membrane underdrain irrigation (drip irrigation)], use of disease-resistant varieties, cultivation of disease-free seedlings, and rational selection of highly effective and low-toxicity pesticides.

Shelter cultivation to prevent diseases. The research results of the techniques of shelter cover cultivation of alpine vegetables show that: “The transparent roof covering the whole growing period + ventilation around the roots + film mulching drip irrigation” cultivation method, the fruit set rate of fruits and vegetables increased by 5-10%, the disease index of the vegetables and fruits of the leaf vegetables decreased by 15- 30%. Commerciality and storage stability have been significantly improved.

High temperature stuffy shed, hot water infusion to prevent pests and diseases. Based on: eggs and nematodes are killed at 55°C for 10-20 minutes; most soil pathogens can be killed at 60°C for 30 minutes; TMV, CMV and other viruses need to be killed at 90°C for 10-15 minutes. dead.

Method: Use high temperature stuffy shed. After pulling, in the summer season, 1 ton of straw or wheat straw is used per acre, cut into small pieces of 4-6 cm, sprinkled on the ground, and lime kilograms (or lime) are applied to 100 kg, and then turned to the ground, filled with water, and filmed. The last sealed facility lasts for 15-20 days. The surface temperature can reach 70°C or more, and the 10 cm soil temperature can reach 60°C. It can better prevent soil-borne diseases such as blight and nematodes.

Biological control pests and diseases

Biological control is a method of controlling the number of pest populations by beneficial organisms and their metabolites. Biological control can not only change the composition of biological populations, but also directly eliminate pests and diseases. It is also safe for humans, animals and plants, does not harm natural enemies, does not pollute the environment, does not cause re-determination and resistance to insect pests, and has some pests and diseases. Long-term control. Must be organically combined with other methods of control.

1, the use of natural enemies. The main ways of using natural enemies to control pests are: (1) Protection and use of natural natural enemies; (2) Breeding and feeding to release natural enemies; (3) Breeding and introduction of natural enemy insects.

2, the use of pathogenic microorganisms. The use of pathogenic microorganisms or their metabolites to control pests is called microbial control. The types of pathogenic microorganisms mainly include bacteria, fungi, and viruses. They also include a small number of protozoa, rickettsia, and nematodes.

3, the use of other beneficial animals. Other beneficial animals include: birds, such as gray magpies; amphibians, such as frogs and crickets; spiders, such as star leopards; predators, such as Chilean vegetable tan.

Biological fumigation soil disinfection

Solar sterilization treatment: multiple plowing exposure.

Chemical fumigation: Before the planting, a “big sweep” solid fumigant soil (dose 10-30 g/m2) was used; during the growth period, selective fumigants such as dithiocyano methane were used.

Bio-fumigation: Effective use of Cruciferae, especially the waste of Brassica plants, in accordance with certain technical procedures to deal with the soil; methods: trenching → shop straw → sprinkle powder → cover soil → watering.

Facilities control humidity and disease prevention

A. High ridge cultivation, covering the mulch B. Covering the dripping and anti-fog type functional shed film.

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