Improve the feeding environment and improve the survival rate of goslings
Winter geese are known for their strong disease resistance, broad dietary habits, and ability to thrive on roughage. They consume less feed, gain weight quickly, and have a short rearing period, making them ideal for the Chinese New Year market. Their economic returns are generally good, with high profitability typically seen after about two months of feeding starting from around October.
However, in large-scale farming, goslings face challenges, especially during the first 21 days of life. The mortality rate is high, often due to management issues rather than genetics. One key problem is temperature control. Goslings are small, have thin down, and their thermoregulation is not yet fully developed. They struggle in low temperatures or sudden temperature changes. If the environment drops below 26°C, they tend to huddle together, which can lead to suffocation if not managed properly. When manually separated, they are prone to catching colds, and when they regroup, they may sweat. Repeated exposure to these conditions can result in cold goslings, poor growth, and even "stiff geese" — a condition where the feathers become matted and the bird becomes unviable.
Temperatures above 32°C also pose risks. Goslings become lethargic, eat less, drink more water, and their body temperature rises, leading to heat stress that affects growth and increases disease susceptibility. Long-term exposure to high temperatures can cause mass deaths.
The ideal temperature for brooding goslings should be carefully controlled. For the first 0–7 days, the temperature should be around 28°C, decreasing by 2°C each week as they grow. However, the difference between day and night temperatures should not exceed 2°C.
Humidity is another critical factor. When humidity exceeds 80%, it creates an uncomfortable environment. Goslings may show signs of weakness, loss of appetite, crowding, difficulty breathing, diarrhea, and loose feathers. A severe symptom is "hot water plucking," where the entire head, neck, and back lose their feathers. These goslings often grow slowly, have weakened immunity, and are more likely to become stiff geese, losing their commercial value.
High humidity also promotes the growth of pathogens and parasites, increasing the risk of disease. It can lead to moldy feed and litter, and even heatstroke in goslings.
Hunger and dehydration are also serious concerns. Goslings have small stomachs and limited digestive capacity, so they need high-quality, easily digestible feed. Proper grouping and appropriate feeding equipment are essential to ensure all goslings can eat comfortably. If goslings don’t receive water within 24 hours, they may become weak, droop their wings, and suffer from severe dehydration. Providing clean, warm water is more important than feeding, and once started, it must never be interrupted.
Goslings are highly sensitive to harmful gases like carbon dioxide, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide. Poor ventilation can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, rapid breathing, increased saliva, and poor feather condition. Prolonged exposure can cause eye problems, loss of appetite, and neurological issues, eventually leading to death.
CO2 poisoning often occurs due to high room temperatures, poor ventilation, and overcrowding. Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide poisoning result from unclean litter, damp conditions, and lack of proper waste removal.
Drug poisoning is another concern. Goslings are particularly sensitive to medications. While maintaining a clean, dry, and well-ventilated environment can prevent many diseases, infectious diseases like viral enteritis or paramyxovirus require vaccination, not drugs. Regular immunization is the best defense.
Finally, physical stress and rodent infestations can also harm goslings. Poor insulation, sudden disturbances, or improper feeding practices can lead to crushing and death. Rodents are especially dangerous in the first three weeks of life, causing injury, disease, and damage to other animals. Preventing rodent entry by sealing holes and keeping doors and windows closed is crucial.
By addressing these factors, farmers can significantly improve gosling survival rates and overall productivity.
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