How to prevent and treat garlic pests and diseases
Garlic is commonly affected by various diseases and pests, which can significantly impact its growth and yield. Understanding these issues and implementing proper control measures is essential for healthy garlic cultivation.
1. **Leaf Blight**
This is a fungal disease that thrives in warm and humid conditions. The pathogen overwinters on infected plant debris and spreads through rain or irrigation. Excessive nitrogen fertilizer and weak, overly lush plants are more susceptible. Symptoms begin at the leaf tips with small white spots that gradually expand into dark, powdery patches. As the disease progresses, the leaves turn yellow, become brittle, and eventually fall off. In severe cases, the entire plant may be weakened and fail to produce bulbs.
Control measures include:
- Improving field management to enhance plant resistance.
- Removing and destroying infected plant parts after harvest.
- Applying fungicides such as 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder diluted at 600 times or 70% mancozeb WP at 500 times.
2. **Gray Mold**
Another fungal disease, gray mold primarily affects the leaves of garlic plants. It typically appears during the later stages of growth. Initially, water-soaked lesions form, which then develop into white or gray-brown spots. These spots grow into large, oval-shaped areas covered with a fuzzy, grayish-brown mold. The affected tissue becomes dry and easily breaks off. The fungus can survive in the soil or on infected plant material. Once infected, the garlic’s stems and underground parts may rot.
To manage this disease:
- Ensure good field drainage and avoid overwatering.
- Apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to strengthen plant immunity.
- Use fungicides like 70% mancozeb WP at 500 times or 50% sulfonate WP at 1500–2000 times during early infection.
In addition to diseases, garlic is also vulnerable to pests such as root maggots, onion thrips, and leaf miners. These pests can damage roots, stems, and leaves, reducing overall plant health.
For pest control:
- Use well-decomposed organic manure as a base fertilizer and ensure seeds are not planted directly in fertilizer.
- In areas with heavy root maggot infestations, mix 90% trichlorfon crystals (750 grams) with 50 kg of water and apply it to 750 kg of compost.
- For root and flea infestations, spray a 1000-fold solution of 90% trichlorfon around the base of the plants.
- For onion thrips and leaf miners, apply insecticides as needed.
Proper care and timely intervention are key to ensuring a successful garlic crop. Regular monitoring, good hygiene, and appropriate chemical treatments can help prevent and control these common problems.
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