Determining the Method of Suitable Rice Throwing Period

Different rice-growing regions experience significant variations in climate and cultivar types. If the growing conditions are favorable, it's better to transplant earthworms (seedlings) as early as possible within the appropriate temperature range. Early transplantation helps maximize the growing season, extends the period of nutrient absorption, and promotes more effective tillering and nutrient accumulation. For early rice, it is advisable to sow as early as possible to ensure high yields for the following double-crop rice. For late rice, timing is crucial—seizing the opportunity to sow early can significantly improve yield, as the earliest planting window often leads to the highest productivity. Age is a critical factor when determining the optimal transplanting time. It’s essential to coordinate the sowing date, transplanting period, and seedling age effectively. Compared to traditional hand-planting methods, plastic tray seedlings are usually sown slightly later, with a higher seeding rate, smaller holes, and smaller nutrient blocks, which can lead to improper seedling age. Based on their growth characteristics, bamboo shoot seedlings should be transplanted at an age of 2.5–3 weeks, while plastic tray seedlings are best transplanted between 3–5 weeks. Paper tubes require extra care to avoid over-aging, as long or dead seedlings are common in such containers, and once they rot, it becomes difficult to separate them. Root development is also poor, and the roots tend to spread out instead of bunching at the bottom. Temperature is another key factor in determining the transplanting window. For early rice, temperature is the main determinant. When the local average temperature stabilizes at 15°C, it marks the earliest safe threshold. Rice seedlings can only grow normally when water temperatures reach 15°C. Therefore, a water temperature of 16°C for indica rice and 18°C for other varieties can also serve as a reference for transplanting. Since transplanted seedlings have shallow root systems, some may lie flat after being planted. Higher temperatures help promote faster root development, seedling growth, and overall recovery. When deciding the right time to transplant, several factors should be considered: longer growing periods are not always beneficial; late-maturing varieties should be sown earlier, while early-maturing ones should be sown later. Varieties that require larger seeding rates should be transplanted first, while those with smaller seeding rates can be delayed. Seedlings treated with paclobutrazol should be transplanted later than untreated ones. In southern Guangdong, early rice is typically transplanted at the end of March to early April, while late rice is transplanted in late July to early August. In northern regions, early rice is transplanted between April 15th and 20th, and late rice around mid-July.

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