The reason and prevention of leek leaf

In the growing season of leeks, leaf drying is a common problem that farmers often face. Many tend to spray insecticides on the plant shoots in an attempt to control pests. However, this approach is often ineffective because the target pests are not clearly identified. In fact, some of the leaf drying is caused by diseases like gray mold, while Others result from physiological issues. Spraying insecticides in such cases is akin to shooting in the dark, and may even worsen the situation. Additionally, dry leaves can also be caused by underground pests such as onion flies and late-earth gnats. When these larvae attack the roots, they damage the bulbs, leading to yellowing and drying of the leaves. Spraying pesticides directly on the ground isn't always effective, as the treatment sites may not reach the root zone properly. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and targeted treatment remain the best strategies for managing leek leaf problems. One of the main causes of leaf death is a fungal disease known as downy mildew. Affected areas appear water-soaked, with dark green lesions on the leaves and flower stalks. The roots and bulbs, however, turn light brown. These lesions don’t have clear borders, and when wet, a white, sparse mold appears. As the condition progresses, the leaves become dry and yellow. The infected plants struggle to absorb water and nutrients, leading to wilting or drying above the soil line. To manage this, proper drainage and crop rotation are essential. Early-stage treatment options include 25% thiram at 600 times dilution, 58% metalaxyl-MnZn at 500 times, or 40% edifenphos at 200-300 times. Apply 40-50 kg per mu every 7-10 days. Another cause of leaf drying is gray mold, which typically starts at the leaf tips. Initially, white or light brown spots appear on both sides of the blade. As the disease progresses, the lesions grow into fusiform or elliptical shapes, eventually becoming flaky and causing the leaves to dry out. When humidity is high, a dense layer of gray-green mold forms. In addition to improving drainage, you can use 50% propamocarb at 1000-1500 times dilution, or 20% triadimefon at 800-1000 times, or 50% carbendazim at 600 times. Spray the leeks twice after harvest, once when the seedlings are 5-8 cm tall. Root lice, particularly onion flies and late-earth gnats, are among the most damaging pests. Their larvae feed inside the bulbs, creating empty cavities that lead to brown, dying leaves. To manage this, apply wood ash or 5% phoxim granules (2 kg per acre) mixed with fine soil around the leeks. During larval infestation, if the leaf tips begin to yellow and wilt, watering can help control the issue. You can also use 75% phoxim EC diluted 500 times or 25% quinalphos EC at 1000 times to treat the topsoil. Watering and spraying should be done in the morning between 9 and 10 AM for best results. During adult emergence periods (late April, mid-June, late July, mid-October), spray 10% imidacloprid at 2000-2500 times, or 75% phoxim at 1000 times, or 2.5% chlorfenapyr at 3000 times. Adults prefer shady, moist, and humus-rich environments, so reducing leaf ventilation during summer and autumn can help. Light traps or frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps can also be used to capture them. Physiological leaf drying can occur due to factors like soil acidification, ammonia toxicity, extreme temperatures (above 35°C or below freezing), or nutrient deficiencies such as calcium, boron, or excess manganese. These conditions can lead to tip burn, yellowing, or rotting of the leaves. Addressing these underlying issues through proper soil management, balanced fertilization, and temperature control can help prevent such problems.

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