The reason and prevention of leek leaf

In the growing season of leeks, leaf drying is a common issue that farmers often face. Many tend to spray insecticides directly onto the plant shoots, but this approach is not always effective. The problem arises because the cause of the dryness may be either a fungal disease like gray mold or a physiological disorder, making the use of insecticides a misdirected effort. Additionally, dry leaves caused by underground pests such as onion fly larvae or cutworms are difficult to target with ground sprays, leading to ineffective control. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and targeted treatment remain crucial for managing leek leaf issues. **Disease Caused by Leaf Rot** Leaf rot is a major concern in protected leek cultivation. Affected areas appear water-soaked, with dark green lesions on the leaves and flower stalks. The roots and bulbs turn light brown, and the diseased parts lack clear boundaries. When wet, the lesions produce sparse white mildew, while in dry conditions, the leaves turn yellow and wither. The soft rot of the roots and stems prevents proper water and nutrient absorption, causing the upper parts of the plant to wilt or die. Proper drainage, dehumidification, and crop rotation are essential during prevention. In the early stages, 25% thiophanate-methyl can be applied at 600 times dilution, or 58% metalaxyl-MnZn at 500 times, or 40% EDP at 200–300 times. Apply 40–50 kg per mu every 7–10 days. **Dead Leaves Caused by Gray Mold** Gray mold typically starts from the tip of the leaf, spreading downward with white or light brown spots appearing on both sides. As the disease progresses, the lesions become fusiform or elliptical, eventually turning flaky and causing the leaves to dry out. Under humid conditions, a dense layer of gray-green mold appears on the affected area. Alongside good drainage and moisture control, fungicides such as 50% propamocarb at 1000–1500 times, 20% triadimefon at 800–1000 times, or 50% carbendazim at 600 times can be used. Spray twice after harvest when seedlings reach 5–8 cm in height. **Dead Leaves Caused by Root Pests** Root pests, particularly onion flies and late-season fungus gnats, are a growing concern. These pests tunnel into the bulb, leaving multiple larvae that consume the internal structure, leading to brown, dying leaves. To manage them, apply wood ash or 5% phoxim granules (2 kg per acre mixed with fine soil) around the plants. During larval infestation, if the leaf tips begin to yellow and soften, irrigation combined with 75% phoxim EC diluted at 500 times or 25% quinolphos EC at 1000 times can help. Spraying should be done in the early morning, between 9 and 10 am. During adult emergence periods (late April, mid-June, late July, mid-October), apply 10% imidacloprid at 2000–2500 times, or 75% phoxim at 1000 times, or 2.5% chlorpyrifos at 3000 times. For adult mosquitoes, use frequency-vibration lamps to trap them in shaded, moist environments. **Dead Leaves Caused by Physiological Disorders** Leek plants may experience dry tips, leaf desiccation, or even complete death due to factors like soil acidification, ammonia toxicity, high temperatures (over 35°C), or low temperatures causing tip burn and rot. Deficiencies in calcium, boron, or excess manganese can also lead to yellowing tips. Addressing these issues through proper soil management, balanced fertilization, and environmental control is key to preventing such problems.

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