Comprehensive control of diseases and pests after colonization of cucumber in protected areas
In the first step, it is essential to promptly remove diseased plants, pests, and infected strains. Severely affected plants should be pulled out from the ground or burned to prevent the spread of diseases.
Secondly, effective water and fertilizer management is crucial for healthy plant growth.
1. **Watering**: Three days after planting, on a sunny day at noon, water the seedlings. This helps the cucumber roots establish properly. Water thoroughly once, then provide two light waterings within 10 days. After that, water every 4 to 6 days as needed.
2. **Fertilization**: From planting until harvest, apply topdressing 8 to 10 times. In addition to the initial fertilizer application during planting and cultivation, another dose should be given after the seedlings have been transplanted. The rest of the fertilization should occur during the fruiting stage. Use 10 to 15 kg of ammonium sulfate per acre or 1000 kg of human waste. Alternate between chemical fertilizers and organic manure for optimal results.
3. **Foliar Spraying**: During the fruiting period, spray a solution of 0.2% urea and 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves to enhance nutrient absorption.
4. **Carbon Dioxide Fertilization**: In greenhouses, release carbon dioxide for about 30 minutes each morning. Maintain a concentration of 800 to 1500 ppm to promote photosynthesis and improve yield.
Thirdly, chemical control measures should be implemented carefully to manage pests and diseases.
Prioritize using dust and smoke methods for pest and disease control. Spraying can also be used in dry and sunny weather, but ensure proper rotation and mixing of products to avoid resistance.
1. **Downy Mildew**: Spray 5% chlorothalonil dust or 5% wettable powder at a rate of 1 kg per acre. Alternatively, use 45% chlorothalonil aerosol at 100–180 g per mu. Apply the treatment in 5–6 doses, ignite the fumigant overnight, and repeat every 7 days for 3 applications.
2. **Bacterial Leaf Spot**: Apply 50% copper oxychloride wettable powder diluted 400–500 times, or 77% mancozeb WP diluted 500 times, or 72% streptomycin sulfate soluble powder diluted 4000 times. Repeat the spraying every 3–5 days for 2–3 times.
3. **Anthracnose**: Spray with 600–800 times dilution of anthracene formamide, or 600–800 times dilution of 70% mancozeb WP, or 500–600 times dilution of 58% metalaxyl-MnZn wettable powder. Repeat every 7–10 days for 2–3 applications.
4. **Powdery Mildew**: Apply 15% triadimefon at 1500 times dilution, twice in total. Alternatively, use 27% high-fat film emulsion at 70–140 times dilution to protect stems and leaves. Spray every 7–10 days for 3–4 times. Another option is baking soda diluted 500 times, sprayed every 3 days for 4–5 times.
5. **Fusarium Wilt**: Dilute 70% thiophanate-methyl WP at 800–1000 times or 50% carbendazim WP at 800–1000 times. Alternatively, use 50% carbendazim WP at 500 times or 10% double efficiency water agent at 300 times. Irrigate the roots with 0.25–0.5 kg of solution per plant. Repeat every 10 days for 2–3 times. Adding biochemical fulvic acid to the solution can significantly enhance the effect.
6. **Witch’s Broom**: Spray 75% chlorothalonil WP or 70% mancozeb WP diluted 600 times. Apply every 5–7 days for 2–3 times.
7. **Botrytis Cinerea**: Use 6.5% carbendazim dust at 1 kg per acre, spray once every 7 days for 2–3 times. Alternatively, apply 50% nellikon wettable powder at 1500 times or 65% Tomyloam WP at 800–1500 times. Spray every 5–7 days for 2 applications.
This guide is provided by the Qianxi County Bureau of Agricultural Animal Husbandry and Aquaculture.
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