Determining the Method of Suitable Rice Throwing Period
Different rice-growing regions experience significant variations in climate and cultivar types. If the growing conditions are favorable, it is better to transplant seedlings earlier rather than later, within the appropriate temperature range. Early transplantation allows for a longer growth period, enhances tillering, and improves nutrient accumulation. For early rice, it's advisable to sow as early as possible to secure high yields for the double-crop late rice. Similarly, for late rice, it's crucial to seize the opportunity to plant early, as the earliest planting period corresponds to the highest yield potential.
Age plays a critical role in determining the best time for transplantation. It's essential to coordinate the sowing date, transplanting timing, and seedling age effectively. Compared to traditional hand-planting methods, plastic tray seedlings are usually sown slightly later, with a higher sowing rate, smaller holes, and smaller nutrient groups. The seedling age should be carefully managed. For bamboo shoot seedlings, the ideal transplanting age is between 2.5 to 3 weeks, while for plastic trays, it’s 3 to 5 weeks. Paper tubes require extra attention to avoid over-aging, as long or dead seedlings can occur, making it difficult to separate them after rotting and resulting in poor root development and weak root clustering at the bottom.
Temperature is another key factor in deciding the transplanting time. For early rice, temperature is the primary determinant. When the local average temperature stabilizes at 15°C, it marks the earliest suitable condition for transplanting. Rice seedlings can only grow their roots properly when the water temperature reaches 15°C. Therefore, a water temperature of 16°C (for indica rice) to 18°C (for japonica rice) can also serve as a reliable standard for transplanting. Since transplanted seedlings have shallow roots, some may lie flat after being planted. Higher temperatures help stimulate faster root development and overall growth.
When choosing the right time for transplanting, other factors must also be considered: avoid prolonged seedling age; late-maturing varieties should be sown earlier, while early-maturing ones should be sown later; varieties that require more seeds should be transplanted first, while those with lower seeding rates can be delayed; seedlings treated with paclobutrazol should be transplanted later than untreated ones. In southern Guangdong, early rice is typically transplanted at the end of March to early April, while late rice is transplanted in late July to early August. In northern regions, early rice is transplanted around April 15–20, and late rice is usually transplanted around mid-July.
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