After gaining a clear understanding of the basic characteristics and functions of different environments in industrialized breeding greenhouses, it is essential to scientifically regulate and optimize the growth conditions according to the biological needs of the turtles. However, this process must follow several key principles: first, it should improve efficiency while reducing costs; second, the methods should be simple and easy to implement; third, the quality of the final product must not be compromised.
1. **Requirements and Regulation of the Indoor Greenhouse Environment**
The indoor environment plays a crucial role in the health and well-being of the turtles. It directly affects their life cycle and can also influence the water ecosystem. For instance, if a turtle is exposed to poor water quality and high levels of harmful gases, it may suffer from poisoning. On the other hand, proper lighting and temperature control can enhance oxygen levels in the water, which is beneficial for the turtles’ health. To maintain an optimal environment, the following measures should be taken:
1.1 **Indoor Temperature Control**
Turtles require specific temperature ranges for optimal growth. Domestic turtles thrive at 32°C when feeding and naturally drop to 30°C after eating. In Southeast Asia, the ideal temperature is slightly higher, around 34°C during feeding and 32°C afterward. Adjustments can be made using heating or ventilation systems to maintain these temperatures.
1.2 **Maintain Dryness**
Humidity should be kept below 70% to prevent excessive moisture buildup. If humidity rises beyond this level, warming or ventilation should be used to reduce it. High humidity can hinder the release of harmful gases and increase the risk of disease spread.
1.3 **Regular Ventilation**
Proper air circulation is vital to eliminate odors and harmful gases. When the air becomes stale or contains high levels of toxins, louvers or exhaust fans should be opened. The best times for ventilation are within one hour after feeding or during routine operations. In winter, aim for at least one hour of ventilation, while in summer, two to five hours may be necessary depending on the season.
1.4 **Timed Lighting**
Although natural light is usually sufficient in most greenhouses, artificial lighting may be needed during rainy days. A minimum of eight hours of daily light is recommended. Additionally, it's best to turn on lights between 10 PM and midnight for two hours to support the turtles' activity patterns.
1.5 **Minimize Disturbances**
To reduce stress, human activity inside the greenhouse should be limited. Ideally, no more than four to six hours of operation per day is allowed. Unless necessary, avoid entering the greenhouse for inspections or other activities, and keep outdoor disturbances to a minimum.
2. **Requirements and Regulation of the Aquatic Environment**
The water quality is a critical factor in successful turtle farming. Here are some key strategies for maintaining a healthy aquatic environment:
2.1 **Aeration**
Aeration is essential for gas exchange and improving dissolved oxygen levels. Using a screw air blower to inject air into the water helps circulate it and remove harmful gases. It is important to schedule aeration wisely—avoid running it continuously for 24 hours. Instead, start aeration when the turtles reach over 50g in weight, as this is when the water quality begins to deteriorate more rapidly. Aeration is best done between 5 AM and 8 PM, when staff are actively monitoring the area and can manage the process without increasing gas concentrations.
2.2 **Waste Removal**
Efficient waste removal is crucial for maintaining clean water. Two common methods include using a suction device to remove sludge or draining the bottom layer of water (about 1–2 cm) daily and replacing it with fresh water. Both methods help prevent water pollution and maintain a healthier environment.
2.3 **Control Red Worms**
Red worms, or "red bugs," are indicators of low oxygen levels and potential water contamination. While they can help control bacteria, an overpopulation can be harmful. It is advisable to keep red worm density below 15,000 per liter. Use a fine mesh sieve to manually remove excess red worms regularly.
2.4 **Water Changes**
Water changes should be performed only when necessary, such as during tank transfers or when cleaning the bottom. Frequent large-scale water changes can stress the turtles and disrupt the ecosystem.
2.5 **Biological Products**
In addition to physical maintenance, biological products like EM (Effective Microorganisms) or Bacillus can be used to stabilize and improve water quality naturally.
2.6 **pH Adjustment**
Turtles prefer slightly alkaline water, so the pH should be maintained between 7 and 8. After draining the water, apply quicklime (20 g/m³) to adjust the pH. Avoid applying lime directly to stagnant water to prevent sudden fluctuations that could harm the turtles.
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