In order to ensure optimal growth conditions for peach trees throughout their development stages, it is essential that the temperature within the cultivation facilities closely matches that of open-field conditions. This is particularly important during the flowering and fruit expansion phases, when high temperatures during the day and cooler temperatures at night often occur, leading to significant temperature fluctuations. These variations can negatively affect fruit development, potentially resulting in deformed or irregularly shaped fruits. To mitigate this, proper ventilation during the day and effective insulation at night are crucial.
For example, in peach-growing regions across China, the average outdoor temperature typically ranges between 5°C and -5°C. During nighttime, it's vital to maintain a minimum temperature of at least 5°C by using double-layer covers or other insulation methods. Meanwhile, during the day, when temperatures can exceed 25°C, it's important to ventilate regularly to keep the internal temperature within an ideal range—ideally around 25°C.
During the flowering stage, pollination and fertilization require a stable temperature of approximately 20°C. If temperatures rise above 28°C or drop below 10°C, this can lead to poor pollination and reduced fruit set. At this time, if the weather is clear and sunny, the temperature inside the facility may reach as high as 30°C, so timely ventilation is necessary to lower the temperature to no more than 25°C. Nighttime temperatures should be maintained above 10°C to support healthy flower development.
The fruit enlargement phase is critical, as it involves cell division. Low temperatures can slow down this process, while excessively high temperatures may cause rapid cell division and result in deformed fruits. The ideal temperature during the day is around 30°C, with nighttime temperatures not falling below 15°C to support consistent growth.
During the hardening core phase, external temperatures often rise above 10°C, with daytime temperatures sometimes exceeding 30°C. This increase can lead to higher respiration rates, which in turn increases nutrient consumption. Therefore, it's important to manage the temperature within the facility, keeping nighttime temperatures around 10°C and ensuring daytime temperatures do not exceed 30°C.
As the fruit rapidly expands toward maturity, cell expansion becomes more active. With rising outside temperatures, the internal temperature of the facility may surpass 30°C, making timely ventilation essential to maintain a stable environment. Keeping the temperature around 30°C during the day helps ensure even fruit development.
During the final maturation stage, maintaining temperatures below 30°C during the day becomes increasingly difficult. In such cases, it's advisable to remove the plastic film or use shading nets to reduce heat buildup based on specific environmental conditions.
After harvest, the plastic cover should be completely removed, allowing the trees to grow under natural conditions. This promotes nutrient production and accumulation, which is essential for the formation of flower buds. By doing so, the trees will be better prepared for the next growing season, ensuring strong flowering and fruiting in the following year.
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