Scotch Pine Large Tree Transplantation Technology and Post-plant Management
Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, commonly known as the Mongolian pine or Siberian pine, is a species of coniferous tree native to northern and western parts of the Greater Khingan Mountains in China. It is an evergreen with a straight trunk that can grow up to 30 meters tall and have a diameter at breast height of up to 80 centimeters. With a lifespan of 150 to 200 years, it thrives in sunny slopes, ridge tops, and watersheds. Known for its strong adaptability, drought tolerance, and cold resistance, this tree has become a popular choice for urban landscaping in northern China due to its beautiful shape, lush foliage, and rapid growth.
A 16-year-old Pinus sylvestris planted in 1973 stands 5.8 meters tall with a trunk diameter of 10 cm. It can grow over 40 cm in a single year under favorable conditions. Since 1978, Urumqi has successfully transplanted Scotch pines into city streets, including areas like People's Market, municipal committee buildings, and flower beds. These trees have now matured into vibrant, thriving greenery, becoming key species for urban greening.
Transplanting techniques play a crucial role in survival. Seedlings aged 1 to 2 years have a high survival rate (up to 90%) when transplanted without roots. However, as seedlings age, bare-root transplantation becomes less effective. To ensure better survival, soil ball transplantation is recommended. When the soil ball is intact or only slightly damaged, the survival rate reaches 100%, with new shoots growing up to 30 cm in the same year. If the soil ball is broken, most trees die or grow poorly, with new shoots growing less than 4 cm. Proper soil ball size—typically 8 to 9 times the trunk diameter—is essential for root preservation and successful transplanting. Wrapping the soil ball with straw ropes helps reduce damage during transport.
The timing of planting also affects growth. Early spring or fall, after dormancy, is ideal. Transplanting too late can lead to excessive energy consumption from terminal buds, causing weak growth and poor crown development. Planting in shaded areas significantly reduces growth rates, sometimes leading to stunted or dying trees. Therefore, choosing a sunny, open location is critical for healthy growth.
After planting, proper care is essential. The tree should be planted just deep enough to cover the soil ball, avoiding waterlogging. Overwatering can cause root rot, which is a common cause of death in newly planted trees. Stakes are necessary to prevent the tree from falling. Watering every 15–20 days, depending on weather, helps maintain moisture. Soil should be loosened after irrigation. No fertilizer should be used in the first year, but a light top dressing can be applied in the second year, ideally in late May or early July. This helps support healthy growth without overwhelming the young tree.
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