Scotch Pine Large Tree Transplantation Technology and Post-plant Management
Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, also known as the Mongolian pine or Hailar pine, is a species of coniferous tree native to northern and western regions of the Greater Khingan Mountains in China. It is an evergreen tree with a straight trunk that can grow up to 30 meters tall and have a diameter at breast height of up to 80 centimeters. With a lifespan of 150 to 200 years, this tree thrives in sunny slopes, ridge tops, and watersheds. Known for its strong adaptability, it tolerates drought and cold, making it one of the key tree species in Northeast China. Its attractive shape, lush foliage, and rapid growth have made it a popular choice for urban landscaping in northern Chinese cities.
A 16-year-old Pinus sylvestris planted in 1973 stands 5.8 meters tall with a trunk diameter of 10 cm. It can grow over 40 cm annually under favorable conditions. Since 1978, Urumqi has successfully transplanted Scotch pines into urban areas, including People's Market, municipal committee buildings, and flower beds. These trees have since become thriving symbols of urban greening.
Transplanting techniques are crucial for survival. Seedlings aged 1–2 years have a high survival rate (up to 90%) when transplanted without soil balls. However, as the seedlings age, bare-root transplanting becomes less effective. To improve survival, soil ball transplantation is recommended. A well-maintained soil ball ensures 100% survival, with new shoots growing about 30 cm in the first year. If the soil ball is damaged, survival drops significantly, and growth is poor. The size of the soil ball should be about 8–9 times the trunk diameter. Proper wrapping with straw ropes helps protect the root system during transport.
Planting time plays a vital role in the success of Scotch pine. Transplanting earlier in spring, before the terminal buds begin to grow, allows the tree to establish itself more effectively. Late planting may lead to weak growth and poor crown development. Choosing a sunny location is essential—trees planted in full sun show robust growth of 15 cm or more annually, while those in shaded areas struggle, often showing stunted growth or even dying after a few years.
After planting, it's important to avoid deep planting, as this can lead to root rot. The soil should just cover the root ball. Trees should be staked to prevent falling, and watering should be done every 15–20 days depending on the climate. Soil should be loosened after irrigation. Watering should be reduced once new shoots stop growing. No fertilizer should be applied in the first year, but a light topdressing can be used in the second year, ideally in late May or early July.
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