Cultivation conditions do not apply to tomato gluten
A farmer from Daxing District recently asked: "What causes tomato blossom end rot, and how can it be prevented?"
Mr. Cao from the City Agricultural Technology Extension Station explained that tomato blossom end rot is a physiological disorder, primarily caused by unfavorable growing conditions. In recent years, the occurrence of this disease has increased significantly, negatively impacting tomato quality and requiring close attention from vegetable growers.
Blossom end rot typically appears during the first to second fruit stage when the tomatoes begin to turn red. The main symptom is uneven coloration on the fruit surface. In mild cases, the shape of the fruit remains normal, but in severe cases, the fruit develops a raised, red area on the skin, while the part near the seed cavity becomes hollow and green. Some fruits may also show dark brown spots. When cut open, the vascular bundles in the fruit skin appear dark brown, hardened, and completely lose their market value.
Several factors contribute to blossom end rot. First, insufficient sunlight—less than 7 hours per day—increases the risk. Second, an imbalance in soil nutrients, especially excessive nitrogen and low potassium, can trigger the disease. Frequent use of human or animal manure also raises the incidence rate. Third, overly wet soil conditions with prolonged moisture levels increase the likelihood of the problem. Lastly, larger tomato varieties with thicker skins are more prone to blossom end rot.
To prevent and manage this issue, farmers should enhance the plant’s photosynthesis by ensuring proper light exposure. They should also manage irrigation and fertilization carefully, maintaining optimal soil moisture. It's important to apply high-quality farmyard manure and adjust the application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers according to the growth stages. Especially during the early fruit development phase, when each fruit reaches about 2 cm in size, it's crucial to apply potassium nitrate fertilizer at a rate of 7–8 kg per acre. Avoid overusing nitrogen, particularly urea, which should not exceed 10 kg per acre at one time. It's best to combine decomposed organic fertilizer with potassium nitrate. Alternatively, using a balanced compound fertilizer with higher potassium content than nitrogen is also effective. Foliar applications of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers 3–5 times can help improve nutrient uptake. Additionally, carbon dioxide enrichment and proper ventilation can further reduce the risk of blossom end rot.
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