In order to achieve high-quality sesame with a good yield, it's essential not only to use quality seeds but also to apply fertilizers appropriately, taking into account the right timing and methods. Here’s a detailed guide on top dressing during different growth stages of sesame:
**Seedling Stage**: At this early stage, applying too much nitrogen can lead to excessive vegetative growth, resulting in tall, weak seedlings. Therefore, sesame seedlings typically receive only a small portion of nitrogen fertilizer as a base. Farmers often follow the saying “see Miao fertilizer,†which means they assess the condition of the seedlings before deciding whether to apply a light top-up. If the seedlings are weak or show uneven growth, a small amount of diluted human waste or urea can be used. Since the root system is shallow at this time, fertilization should be done as shallowly as possible to ensure efficient nutrient uptake.
**Bud Stage**: This is a critical period for flower bud formation, where both vegetative and reproductive growth occur simultaneously. Fertilizing during this time has the most significant impact. Nitrogen should be the main component, with phosphorus and potassium added as supplements. In areas lacking boron, it’s important to include boron fertilizers to support healthy development.
**Flowering Stage**: Sesame grows rapidly during this phase, and about 70%-80% of the nutrients needed for the entire growth cycle are absorbed during this time. To ensure strong plant growth, efficient photosynthesis, and full grain development, additional fertilization is necessary. At this point, lateral roots begin to develop, improving the root system's absorption capacity and increasing the plant’s nutrient demand. Fertilizers can be applied either through chemical products or organic materials like decomposed manure or cake fertilizer. When using dry conditions, it's advisable to water after application to enhance fertilizer effectiveness.
**Fertilization Methods**: During the seedling stage, fertilizers should be applied about 10 cm away from the plant, in a 10 cm deep soil layer to reach the roots. Covering the soil afterward helps retain moisture and nutrients. Studies have shown that shallow application (10-13 cm) increases yield by approximately 11% compared to deep application (25 cm). For sowing, cooked cake fertilizer or granular urea can be mixed with the soil before planting. In dry weather, watering after application is recommended to maximize fertilizer efficiency.
**Extra-Root Fertilization**: From the beginning of flowering to full bloom, foliar feeding can be an effective supplement. The method involves spraying the leaves with a 0.3%-0.4% solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, three times with intervals of 5-6 days. This should be done in the afternoon when the sun is out, and if rain is expected, avoid spraying to prevent dilution. This technique helps improve plant health, increase yield, and promote better grain filling.
Anti-fungal
According to the site of fungal infection,it can be divided into superficial fungal infection and deep fungal infection, superficial fungal infection is caused by ringworm infection of the skin, hair, fingers, toe fingers. The incidence rate is high with less harmful. Deep fungal infection is caused by Candida and cryptococcal invasion of internal organs and deep tissue, the incidence is low with big harmful. Classified based on mechanism action classification can be divided into (1) Antifungal agents for sterol synthesis in fungal cell membranes (2) Antifungal agents for fungal cell wall synthesis (3) Antifungal agents acting on nucleic acid synthesis, The Antifungal drugs easily affect the white blood cells and liver function, if in long-term use,it may caused a transient increase in GPT or leukopenia, withdrawal is normal.
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