Macrobrachium breeding technology
First, the young shrimp cultivation technology
1. Cultivation Conditions
(1) The breeding pond should be a cement pool with an area of 50 to 100 square meters and a water depth of 70 to 80 centimeters. It should have a steady water supply, complete irrigation and drainage systems, and a shrimp collection tank at the drainage end. These pools can also be used for high-density rearing, or net cages can be placed in the pond to enhance productivity.
(2) Water sources can include river water, reservoirs, ponds, or well water. Before being introduced into the pond, the water must be filtered to prevent predators from entering. This helps maintain a clean and safe environment for the shrimp.
Stocking Density
Outdoor cement pools typically have about 300 juvenile shrimps per square meter. If there is running water and aeration, the density can be increased. In indoor larval rearing tanks, which are designed for intensive farming, it's common to stock 4,000 to 5,000 post-larvae per cubic meter. In pond cage culture, around 3,000 shrimps per cubic meter are commonly stocked.
3. Feeding Management
(1) Water Quality Management: Regular water changes are essential to maintain good water quality. Dissolved oxygen levels should stay above 3 mg/L. In indoor systems, regular aeration and oxygenation are necessary, and leftover food should be removed frequently to avoid water pollution.
(2) Feeding: Shrimp can be fed a variety of foods such as peanut cakes, soybean cakes, wheat bran, fish meal, fish meat, and egg products. Juvenile shrimp prefer small-sized feeds, and feeding should occur three times daily with a total feed amount of 15% to 20% of their body weight. For intensive rearing in larval tanks or cages, high-protein feeds like fish and eggs are recommended.
(3) Providing Hiding Places: Tiles, bricks, bamboo sticks, or hanging nets can be placed in the pond to give shrimp places to hide. In outdoor concrete pools, shaded areas with bamboo or water lilies can help protect them from direct sunlight and predators.
(4) Disease Prevention: Before restocking, the pond should be cleaned and disinfected. Bleach (1 mg/L) or trichloroisocyanuric acid (0.3 mg/L) can be used to disinfect the water, helping to prevent bacterial diseases.
(5) Escape Prevention: Anti-escape devices should be installed at the inlet and outlet of the pond to prevent both shrimp from escaping and predators from entering.
4. Quality Requirements for Juvenile Shrimp
After desalting, shrimp should reach a length of at least 15 cm within 15 to 20 days, with a survival rate of over 80%.
Second, Commercial Shrimp Breeding Technology
Pond Conditions
(1) Pond Area and Depth: The pond should be between 2 to 10 mu (approximately 1,333 to 6,667 square meters), with a water depth of 1.2 to 1.5 meters.
(2) Embankments and Bottom: The embankments and sediment pools should be strong and leak-proof. The bottom should be flat with minimal silt, preferably sandy soil. Newly excavated ponds are ideal for better control of the environment.
(3) Water Source and Quality: A reliable water source with convenient drainage and irrigation is essential. The water quality must meet fishery standards to ensure healthy shrimp growth.
(4) Hiding Places: Aquatic plants, hanging nets, or branches can be added to provide hiding spots for the shrimp, reducing stress and predation risk.
(5) Disinfection and Stocking: Before stocking, the pond should be treated with quicklime or a mix of lime and tea bran to eliminate wild fish and harmful organisms. This also makes the water slightly alkaline, which supports shrimp growth and the development of natural food sources.
2. Shrimp-Fish Polyculture
(1) Shrimp seedlings should be stocked at a rate of 10,000 to 12,000 larvae per acre, with each larva measuring at least 1.5 cm in length.
(2) Fish Polyculture: Fish should be larger than 16 cm in length, with large fish such as groupers and breams stocked at 100 to 150 per mu.
3. Feeding and Water Management
(1) Feeding and Fertilizing: Feed granular feed, along with plant and animal-based feeds. Daily feeding should account for 15% to 20% of the shrimp’s body weight, decreasing as they grow. Feed two to three times a day, evenly distributed across the pond. Apply 50–100 kg of fermented organic fertilizer per mu initially to improve water quality, and then 50 kg monthly to promote plankton growth and increase natural food availability.
(2) Water Quality Management: Regularly monitor water parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, and transparency. Maintain a water clarity of around 25 cm, dissolved oxygen above 3 mg/L, and a pH between 7 and 8.5. Ensure water temperature is above 25°C when stocking shrimp.
(3) Growth Monitoring: Conduct regular inspections every half month to measure shrimp length, body size, and weight. This helps assess growth and adjust feeding accordingly.
4. Shrimp Harvesting
(1) After about four months of growth, some shrimp may exceed 20 grams in weight and should be harvested promptly. At the same time, marketable fish can also be caught, which helps optimize shrimp production in the later stages of the cycle.
(2) Dry Pond Harvesting: When the water temperature drops to 17–18°C, drain the pond partially and use nets to catch shrimp. Once the water is drained, all shrimp should be collected efficiently.
5. Quality Standards for Commercial Shrimp
After 5 to 6 months of rearing, the survival rate should be at least 60%, with an average weight of 20 to 25 grams. Each mu should yield more than 120 kilograms of shrimp, along with 100 to 150 kilograms of commercial fish.
Forehead Thermometer;infrared thermometer:digital thermometer:clinical thermometer
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