Improve soil and make roots viable
When shed vegetables are planted for more than 4 years, the degree of salt accumulation in the soil is heavy, which is extremely unfavorable to crop growth. Many cucumbers in greenhouses have deteriorated in soil properties this year, causing poor growth of cucumber roots, reduced resistance, and unbearable when cold air comes. A long period of coldness has led to a reduction in production.
It seems that cultivating a strong root system is a necessary means for cucumbers to improve stress resistance and increase production. The key to determining the robustness of the roots and the resistance of the vegetables is the permeability of the soil. Only strong soil permeability, adequate oxygen, sufficient root respiration, and more energy, root absorption capacity is strong, in order to grow strong trees, cucumber stress resistance can be increased, the output can increase. How to increase the permeability of the soil?
First, increasing organic fertilizers, returning straw, and increasing organic matter content in the soil are the fundamental measures for improving soil permeability. Soil organic matter is an indispensable main component of the formation of soil aggregates. Soils with high organic matter content, loose soil, and good air permeability are called “sponge fields†and have the highest crop yields. According to the data, the organic matter content of most soils in Shandong is about 1%, which is lower than the limit of 2% for the growth of vegetables. Therefore, it is necessary to increase organic fertilizer and straw return to improve soil and increase soil permeability.
Second, change flood irrigation to drip irrigation and water it properly.
Traditional furrow irrigation and furrow irrigation have a strong effect on soil erosion and compaction, and the soil aggregate structure is destroyed, which is not conducive to the improvement of soil water retention and fertility conservation. After the vegetable grows in the greenhouse, it is covered with a mulch again. It is difficult for the cultivator to loosen the soil, and the soil compaction cannot be broken.
Drip irrigation is different from flood irrigation, which slowly infiltrates the soil and has little effect on soil destruction. In areas such as Qingzhou where drip irrigation has been promoted for many years, vegetable growers generally report that the soil in the shed where drip irrigation is used is more porous and more air-permeable.
Again, biological bacterial fertilizers are reused to increase microbial activity.
Due to the continuous cultivation for a long time, harmful microorganisms in the soil will be accumulated, and beneficial microorganisms will be reduced, and root diseases will easily occur so that the vegetables cannot grow normally. The accumulation of harmful microorganisms also has a greater impact on soil properties. Many beneficial microorganisms themselves have the effect of improving the soil and improving the permeability of the soil. While reproducing, they can loosen the soil on the one hand, and on the other hand, they can also produce substances that promote root growth while decomposing the fixed nutrients in the soil. It is very beneficial to the growth of the root system. Therefore, the application of biological fertilizer must increase the amount of beneficial bacteria in the soil, so that beneficial microorganisms in the soil can regain their advantage. Increasing the amount of physiologically active substances and increasing organic fertilizers can promote microbial activity. As a result of microbial activity, in addition to increasing the mineral nutrients and humus in the soil, it can also produce a variety of vitamins, antibiotics, auxins, etc., with the promotion of root development, stimulate crop growth, and enhance disease resistance.
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