Wild vegetable sweet-leaf cultivation techniques

Sweet hemp leaves, also known as jute leaves, are a nutritious and versatile wild vegetable commonly consumed in many regions. These leaves have a slightly bitter taste and a cooling nature, making them effective for clearing heat, reducing inflammation, and controlling bleeding. Rich in calcium and essential trace elements, they are considered a valuable addition to a healthy diet. They can be cooked by stir-frying, boiling in soups, or used in hot pots. Our county has a long tradition of cultivating and consuming this plant, and it is widely appreciated by local consumers. Sweet hemp leaves thrive in warm and moist conditions, with the ideal growing temperature ranging between 25°C and 28°C. They are adaptable to various soil types but grow best in deep, well-drained sandy loam that is rich in organic matter. Here are the key cultivation techniques: First, soil preparation: Although sweet hemp leaves are easy to grow, high-yield production requires fertile, well-structured soil. The land should be deeply plowed and mixed with decomposed organic manure (about 2,500 kg per mu), along with 15 kg of superphosphate and 10 kg of potassium chloride as base fertilizer. Raised beds should be formed, approximately 30 cm wide, 15 cm high, and spaced 1.5 meters apart. After leveling the surface and breaking up the soil into fine particles, the seeds can be sown. Second, seedling cultivation: Sweet hemp leaves are mainly grown from seedlings. Sowing should take place from the Spring Equinox to the Autumn Equinox. The recommended seeding rate is 0.1 to 0.2 kg per mu. Seeds can be drilled or broadcasted. After sowing, watering with diluted manure or urine is advised, followed by a thin layer of soil cover. When the seedlings have developed three true leaves and reach a height of about 10 cm, they can be transplanted. The spacing should be 20 cm x 20 cm or 20 cm x 25 cm, depending on the desired density. Transplanted seedlings need to be watered 1–2 times to ensure survival before being fully established. Third, field management: Sweet hemp leaves grow slowly, and weeds can quickly become a problem. Regular weeding and timely cultivation are essential. Fertilization should focus on nitrogen-rich fertilizers, with some phosphate added based on soil conditions. A single application of 8–10 kg of urea mixed with manure is recommended every 12–15 days during the growing season. As the plants enter their peak growth phase, their nutrient uptake increases, so maintaining consistent moisture and balanced nutrition is crucial to promote vigorous growth and higher yields. The soil should remain consistently moist throughout the growing period. After emergence, drainage channels must be kept clear to prevent waterlogging during rainy periods. Fourth, pest and disease control: Common pests and diseases affecting sweet hemp leaves include wilt disease, anthracnose, small cutworms, Spodoptera litura (fall armyworm), and root-knot nematodes. For anthracnose, apply 77% thiram at 600 times dilution or 70% carbendazim at 800 times. For fusarium wilt, use 75% chlorothalonil or 70% thiophanate-methyl at 1500 times. For cutworms, apply 3% milure at 1.5 kg per mu during bed preparation. For Spodoptera litura, use 50% phoxim at 1000 times, 5% spinosad at 500 times, or Bt at 800 times. For locusts, apply 20% imidacloprid at 2000 times, 50% parathion at 1000 times, or 40% dimethoate at 1000 times. Fifth, harvesting: Harvesting can begin when the plants reach a height of 30 cm. Start by picking the main stem's stems and leaves, then collect the tender shoots and leaves from the side branches. Each harvest should include 3–5 leaves with stems measuring 15–20 cm in length. The harvesting period typically lasts 2–3 months, yielding around 2,500 kg per mu. Regular and timely harvesting helps maintain plant vigor and ensures continuous yield.

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