The cultivation and cultivation techniques of snake bean
Snake melon can be successfully cultivated in Daejeon, either as a standalone crop or intercropped with spring greenhouse tomatoes or in greenhouses. It can also be planted sporadically along the front and back scaffolds. Due to its long harvesting period, which lasts about one year, it is typically sown from March to April in Yangshuo for early growth, and again from late April to May for a later harvest. The fruiting season usually begins in June and continues through October.
For early harvests, seedling transplanting is recommended over direct seeding in open fields. When preparing seeds, first dry them for 1–2 days, then soak them in hot water at 55°C for 3 minutes while continuously stirring. After the temperature drops, transfer the seeds to clean water and soak them for 2–3 days, making sure to remove any mucus on the seed coat during this time. Once the seeds are slightly softened, wrap them in moist gauze and place them in a controlled-temperature chamber at 30°C for germination, or plant them directly once they sprout.
The nursery soil should consist of 5 parts garden soil, 2 parts peat, and 3 parts well-decomposed organic manure. If peat is unavailable, waste mushroom compost or fertile garden soil can be used as alternatives. After mixing, water the bed thoroughly. Place one seed per square foot and cover it with 1 cm of fine soil. Cover the seedbed with plastic film to retain moisture and warmth, keeping the temperature between 25–30°C before emergence. After seedlings appear, gradually remove the plastic, maintaining daytime temperatures of 25–30°C and nighttime temperatures of 16–18°C. Replace the plastic with a more transparent one if temperatures remain low. Once the plants have two true leaves, the cover can be removed completely. Seedlings can be transplanted when they have three leaves and one heart. Direct seeding can also be done in late April or early May.
Before planting, prepare the field by applying sufficient base fertilizer. For each mu (approx. 667 m²), use 3,000 kg of fermented livestock manure, 75 kg of superphosphate, and 20 kg of potassium sulfate. For scattered planting, dig large holes, add base fertilizer, and plant at a spacing of 80–200 cm between rows and 50–80 cm between plants, resulting in 600–1,000 plants per acre, depending on soil fertility. Water thoroughly after planting.
Field management includes regular watering and fertilization. Apply a light dose of compost or diluted cake fertilizer after seedlings establish to promote healthy growth. During the fruit-setting stage, apply 25–30 kg of compound fertilizer per acre and water afterward. Monitor the plants' growth and adjust fertilization accordingly. Keep the soil consistently moist, especially during hot and dry periods.
Before intercropping, perform deep cultivation between rows, remove weeds, and ensure proper drainage. Cultivate the soil regularly to prevent root exposure. For climbing varieties, use trellises such as "human" frames or flat sheds to support growth and improve fruit quality. Sporadic planting benefits from flat supports, and artificial pollination can increase fruit set.
When vines begin to grow, guide them to climb the structure. Remove lower vines below 1 meter and allow the main vine to grow without disturbing the heart. Side vines can be left with 1–2 fruits, followed by pruning 3–4 leaves after fruiting. Tie the vines carefully to ensure even leaf distribution and natural drooping of the fruits. Prune side vines appropriately to enhance air circulation.
Pest control is generally minimal, but occasional infestations of leaf miners or aphids can be managed using 40% omethoate diluted 1,000 times or 2.5% emulsifiable concentrate diluted 3,000 times. Spraying should be timed to avoid interfering with the harvest period.
Harvesting is primarily for tender fruits, starting around 30 days after planting. From flowering to market readiness takes about 10 days. At this stage, the fruit has a milky white, light green, glossy skin. Harvest every 1–2 days, yielding approximately 4,000–5,000 kg per mu, with up to 40–60 fruits per plant.
For seed retention, leave some fruits to mature fully. Female flowers that open more than 30 days after pollination will begin to turn orange-red at the base. After ripening for 1–2 days, collect the seeds, wash them, and dry them for future planting.
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