Greenish mushrooms
In the depths of Ribera Canyon State Park, just outside São Paulo, Brazil, a mysterious phenomenon occurs at night: a cluster of mushrooms glows with a soft green light, creating an otherworldly scene. These bioluminescent fungi are not only visually striking but also scientifically fascinating.
There are approximately 500 species of fungi worldwide, and only about 33 of them are capable of emitting light. This particular type of glowing mushroom is among the most recently identified in the field. By day, they appear unremarkable, blending into their surroundings. But as dusk falls, a chemical reaction within their cells causes them to emit a faint, eerie green glow—often referred to as "Fox Fire."
Since 2002, researchers including Professor Cahuste Stevani from the University of São Paulo, Dr. Denis De Jardin from San Francisco State University, and Marina Capella of the Brazilian Institute of Botany have made significant discoveries. They have identified over 10 new species of bioluminescent fungi, four of which were found in the dense Brazilian rainforest. Their work significantly expanded the known list of glowing fungi, increasing the total number by 30% compared to what was recorded in the 1970s.
The 33 known bioluminescent fungal species belong to 16 different taxonomic groups. This raises an intriguing question: Did these fungi evolve their glowing ability independently 16 times, or did it happen only a few times during evolution? To answer this, De Jardin’s research team has begun analyzing the DNA of these glowing mushrooms, aiming to trace their evolutionary history and understand how and when this unique trait developed. Their findings could provide important insights into the natural world and the complex pathways of evolution.
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