Seed cultivation

Newly hatched larvae display distinct black pigmentation on their heads and dorsal surfaces, making them easily identifiable. These larvae can be raised in shallow tanks or troughs measuring 2 to 3 meters in length, 1 to 1.5 meters in width, and 0.3 meters in depth. The ideal stocking density ranges from 2,000 to 4,000 individuals per square meter. For every 100,000 larvae, a mixture of cooked egg yolk is prepared, ground into a fine paste, and fed to them. Water should be changed twice daily to maintain cleanliness and oxygen levels. By day three, the larvae begin feeding actively and can be transferred to larger rearing systems after about 10 days. When the fry reach 10 mm in length, they are ready for sale as artificial seedlings. Fry measuring 5 to 10 mm are typically cultivated further, growing to 5–7 cm in size by the following spring or the second year, with weights ranging from 1 to 4 grams. This process is known as small loach breeding or larval rearing. It can be carried out in paddy fields or ponds, though pond culture generally yields better results. When raising in ponds, it's recommended to apply 20–30 cm of organic fertilizer into the mud before stocking. A sufficient amount of base fertilizer should be added to promote the growth of natural food sources like plankton. The stocking density during this phase is usually between 800 and 1,000 fry per square meter. Initially, feed consists of egg yolk and soy milk, gradually transitioning to soy flour, rice bran, husks, and bean residue. The daily feeding amount starts at 2–5% of the loach’s body weight and increases to around 10% as they grow. Feeding is typically done once in the morning and once in the afternoon, ensuring that all food is consumed within two hours to avoid water pollution. Water quality should also be maintained through regular fertilization to support the development of natural food organisms. At the end of the year or in the following spring, the fish can be moved to larger ponds. If the density becomes too high, some fish may be harvested in the fall of the same year to prevent overcrowding and ensure healthy growth.

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