Green-winged larvae
The scientific name of this insect is *Geinula jacobsoni* Ogloblin, which belongs to the order Coleoptera. It is commonly known as the green-winged short sheath gecko. This species is found in regions such as Qinghai, Sichuan, and Tibet.
The larvae of this beetle are particularly harmful to wheat and grassy weeds, while the adults do not feed on grass crops. This makes it a significant pest during the early growth stages of cereal plants.
The larvae are known for their destructive behavior, as they burrow into the root stem area of wheat seedlings during the tillering stage. They feed on the inner tissues of the tender stems, causing the affected seedlings to turn grayish-green, with the heart of the plant dying and the base of the leaves thickening. These damaged plants often appear in groups, and severe infestations can lead to a lack of healthy seedlings in wheat and barley fields.
Morphologically, adult beetles measure between 3.5 to 6 mm in length and 1.9 to 2.5 mm in width. After emerging from the pupal stage, their elytra initially appear golden green, turning black after more than 24 hours. The pronotum is tan in color. Their antennae are thick, with segment 3 longer than segment 2, and segment 4 longer than segment 3. Segments 1 to 7 are tan, while segments 8 to 11 are black. The head features a deep groove, with a slightly enlarged upper lip, a central depression on the front edge, and flattened antennae. The frontal tubercle is smooth, with a flat top and short, thick hair around the prothoracic plate. The area has three distinct indentations. The scutellum is wider at the base and narrower at the ends. The wings are leathery, with thick stripes and short hairs, and the engraved points are prominent. The shoulders are well-defined, and the abdomen is short and thick. Males have a wide concave cut in the middle of the abdomen, while females have a flat cut. The final larval stage reaches a length of 9.8 to 11.8 mm. Newly hatched larvae are dark gray to yellow, with dark brown heads, thoracodorsal plates, and posterior plates. The middle segments have varying dark brown spots, and the tail has two knobs. The beak is 0.3 to 0.5 mm long, white in color, and turns bright yellow to golden yellow after molting.
In terms of life habits, this species is found in Baiyu County, Sichuan Province, where it completes one generation per year. Eggs overwinter in the soil, with an average egg period of 279 days. Adults emerge from late July to late August, laying eggs that hatch between late April and early June. Larvae develop from late June to late September, taking about nine to 18 days to complete their development. Adults typically live for 3 to 15 days after laying eggs, with a lifespan ranging from 17 to 68 days. These beetles tend to feed in clusters and prefer areas near water sources like Ai, Leng, skunk, and oysters within 40 meters of the field edges. They exhibit clustered movement patterns and may even display false death behaviors. Female beetles grow quickly, and mating occurs within 5 to 7 minutes. Their hind wings are underdeveloped, limiting flight ability, so they rely mainly on crawling, which restricts their range of activity. Each female lays between 14 and 140 eggs.
For control, several methods can be applied. First, when adults are feeding but not yet laying eggs, spraying solutions such as 2.5% dichlorvos at 2000 times dilution, 5% chlorimethanol at 2000 times, 5% lefuroline at 3000 times, 20% chrysanthemum emulsion at 1500 times, or 21% quinalphos EC at 3000 times can be effective. Second, in fields where previous years had heavy marginal damage, granules such as 3% yingbidan or 3% methylisofluthiin, or 4.5% aldrin powder can be applied. Mix 3 kg per 667 m² with 20–30 kg of fine soil, then spread before sowing and incorporate into the soil by plowing or hoeing. Third, removing weeds within the field and eliminating pests like cockroaches and maggots within 50 meters of the field's edges can help reduce the food source for adults, serving as an effective agricultural control method.
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