Ecological Restoration Theory of Fermentation Bed
Ecological Restoration Theory of Fermentation Bed
Ecological fermentation bed aquaculture technology is an innovative farming system that integrates principles from microbiology, ecology, and fermentation engineering. At its core, it uses active functional microorganisms as the "conversion center" for energy and material flow. This approach enables the continuous, stable, and efficient transformation of animal waste—such as pig excrement—into valuable substances and energy. The ultimate goal is to completely degrade organic waste, achieving a pollution-free and zero-emission environment. This model represents one of the most advanced and environmentally friendly approaches in modern ecological agriculture.
The fermentation bed exhibits distinct gradients and dynamic changes during the process. For instance, due to gravity, moisture content tends to increase from the top to the bottom of the litter, creating a "longitudinal moisture gradient." Additionally, because pigs tend to urinate in the same spot, and sawdust bedding absorbs water at a slower rate, the moisture level decreases progressively from the pig’s fixed location outward, forming a "transverse moisture gradient." Meanwhile, the fermentation conditions—such as microbial activity, aeration, nutrient availability, and pH—are optimal in the early stages of fermentation, gradually becoming less favorable as the process moves forward. This creates a "fermentation intensity gradient," ensuring a balanced and sustainable environment throughout the entire pigpen.
The fermentation bed itself is a self-repairing and regenerating system. As some bacteria are consumed or lost during the fermentation process, dormant beneficial microbes enter an adaptation phase before rapidly multiplying in a geometric pattern. This helps restore microbial diversity and maintain the bed's long-term functionality. However, if the area is too small or overused, it can lead to damage, reduced efficiency, and even failure of the fermentation bed. For example, a fermentation bed should ideally cover at least 10 square meters to ensure proper performance. To enhance the repair process, the litter can be periodically turned over to improve air circulation, adjust moisture levels, and remove excess water through evaporation. By manually "reducing excess" or "adding nutrients," such as increasing aeration, mixing evenly, or supplementing with additional organic matter, the fermentation bed can quickly return to a balanced state and continue functioning effectively over time.
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