Green-winged larvae

The scientific name of this insect is *Geinula jacobsoni* Ogloblin, which belongs to the order Coleoptera. It is commonly known as the green-winged short sheath gecko. This species is found in the provinces of Qinghai, Sichuan, and Tibet, typically inhabiting grasslands and agricultural areas.

The larvae are the primary pests, feeding on wheat and grass weeds, while adults do not feed on grass crops. This distinction is important for targeted pest management strategies.

The larvae are particularly destructive during the tillering stage of wheat seedlings. They burrow into the root stem area, feeding on the inner tissues of the tender stems. This feeding behavior causes the affected seedlings to turn grayish-green, with the heart of the plant dying, the base of the leaves thickening, and the plants often appearing in clusters or groups. Severe infestations can lead to a lack of viable seedlings, especially in wheat and barley fields.

Morphologically, the adult beetles measure 3.5–6 mm in length and 1.9–2.5 mm in width. After emerging from the pupal stage, their elytra initially appear golden green within 6–8 hours, then darken to black after more than 24 hours. The pronotum is tan in color. Their antennae are thick, with segment 3 longer than segment 2, and segment 4 longer than segment 3. Segments 1–7 are tan, while segments 8–11 are black. The head features a deep groove, a slightly enlarged upper lip, and a central depression on the front edge. The antennae are flattened, and the frontal tubercle is smooth and flat. The prothoracic plate has a border, and there are three indentations on the area. The scutellum base is wider and tapers toward the tip. The elytra are leathery with thick stripes and short hairs, and the engraved points are prominent. The shoulders are well-defined, and the body is short and robust. In males, the abdominal middle section has a wide concave cut, while females have a flat cut. The final larval stage reaches a length of 9.8–11.8 mm. Newly hatched larvae are dark gray to yellow, with the head, thoracodorsal plate, and posterior plate dark brown and hard. The middle back has irregular dark brown spots, and the tail has two distinct knobs. The beak is 0.3–0.5 mm long, and the colostrum is white, turning bright yellow or golden after molting.

In terms of life habits, this species has one generation per year in Baiyu County, Sichuan Province. Eggs overwinter in the soil, with an average egg development period of 279 days. Adults emerge between late July and late August, laying eggs in late April to early June. Larvae develop from late June to late September, with a development time of 9–18 days. After laying eggs, adults die within 3–15 days, and their lifespan ranges from 17 to 68 days. Adults tend to feed in groups and prefer to feed on plants such as Ai, Leng, Skunk, and Oysters within 40 meters of the field edge. They exhibit clustered movement patterns and even false death behaviors. Female beetles grow quickly, and mating takes approximately 5–7 minutes. Due to the degeneration of their hind wings, they cannot fly and rely mainly on crawling, limiting their movement range. Each female lays between 14 and 140 eggs.

For control, it is recommended to spray 2.5% dichlorfon at 2000 times dilution, 5% chlorimethanol at 2000 times, 5% lefroling at 3000 times, 20% chrysanthemum emulsion at 1500 times, or 21% kill quail EC at 3000 times when adults are feeding but not yet spawning. In areas where severe damage occurred the previous year, 3% Yingbidan granules, 3% methylisofluthiin granules, or 4.5% Aldolescent powder can be applied at a rate of 3 kg per 667 m², mixed with 20–30 kg of fine soil and spread before sowing. Additionally, removing weeds in the field and eliminating pests like cockroaches and maggots within 50 meters of the field edges can help reduce the food source for adults, serving as an effective agricultural control method.

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