Macrobrachium breeding technology

First, the young shrimp cultivation technology

1. Cultivation Conditions

(1) The breeding pools should be made of cement and have an area between 50 to 100 square meters with a water depth of 70 to 80 centimeters. They must have a good water supply, efficient drainage and irrigation systems, and a shrimp collection tank at the drain end. These pools can also be used for high-density rearing, or net cages can be installed in the ponds for additional space.

(2) The water used for cultivation can come from rivers, reservoirs, ponds, or wells. It's essential to filter the water before adding it to the pool to prevent predators from entering. This ensures a clean and safe environment for the shrimp to grow.

Stocking Density

In outdoor cement pools, about 300 juvenile shrimps per square meter are typically stocked. If there is running water and aeration equipment, the density can be increased. In indoor larval rearing tanks, which are designed for intensive farming, around 4,000 to 5,000 post-larvae per cubic meter are stocked. For pond cage culture, approximately 3,000 shrimps per cubic meter are suitable.

3. Feeding Management

(1) Water Quality Management: Regular water changes are necessary to maintain a dissolved oxygen level above 3 mg/L. In indoor tanks, consistent aeration and oxygenation are crucial, along with frequent removal of uneaten food to avoid water quality degradation.

(2) Feeding: A variety of feeds such as peanut cakes, bean cakes, soybean meal, wheat bran, fish meal, fish meat, and egg products are suitable for juvenile shrimp. Small-sized feed is preferred, and feeding should occur three times daily, with the total amount being 15% to 20% of their body weight. In intensive rearing tanks and cage cultures, high-protein feeds like fish and eggs are recommended.

(3) Hiding Places: To reduce stress and protect against predators, items like tiles, bricks, bamboo sticks, and nets should be placed in the pool. In outdoor concrete pools, shaded areas with bamboo or water lilies can help keep the shrimp cool and safe from sunlight and potential threats.

(4) Disease Prevention: Before restocking, the pools should be cleaned and disinfected. Using bleaching powder (1 mg/L) or trichloroisocyanuric acid (0.3 mg/L) helps prevent bacterial infections and keeps the environment healthy.

(5) Anti-Escape Measures: Install barriers at the inlet and outlet to prevent shrimp from escaping and to keep predators out, ensuring a secure and controlled growing environment.

4. Quality Requirements for Juvenile Shrimp

After desalting, the shrimp should reach a length of at least 15 cm within 15 to 20 days, with a survival rate of over 80%. This indicates that the shrimp are healthy and ready for further growth stages.

Second, Commodity Shrimp Breeding Technology

Pond Conditions

(1) The pond area should range from 2 to 10 mu (about 1,333 to 6,667 square meters), with a water depth of 1.2 to 1.5 meters.

(2) The embankments should be strong and well-constructed, with a flat bottom and minimal silt buildup. Sandy soil is ideal, and newly excavated ponds are preferable for better performance.

(3) Water sources must be abundant and easy to manage, with water quality meeting standard fishery requirements to ensure a healthy environment for both shrimp and fish.

(4) Provide hiding spots by planting aquatic plants, hanging nets, or placing branches in the pond to offer shelter and reduce stress for the shrimp.

(5) Before stocking, the pond should be disinfected using quicklime or a mixture of quicklime and tea bran to eliminate wild fish and harmful organisms. This also helps make the water slightly alkaline, which supports shrimp growth and the development of natural food sources.

2. Shrimp-Fish Polyculture

(1) Stock about 10,000 to 12,000 post-larvae per acre, with each larva measuring at least 1.5 cm in length.

(2) Fish polyculture involves stocking larger fish, such as large carp or bream, with a minimum length of 16 cm. Aim for 100 to 150 fish per mu to ensure a balanced ecosystem.

3. Feeding and Water Management

(1) Feeding and Fertilizing: Feed the shrimp with granular feed, supplemented with plant and animal-based foods. The daily feeding amount should be 15% to 20% of their body weight, gradually decreasing as they grow. Feed two to three times a day, distributing the food evenly across the pond. Apply 50 to 100 kg of fermented organic fertilizer per mu initially to enrich the water and promote plankton growth. After stocking, add 50 kg of fertilizer monthly to sustain natural food sources.

(2) Water Quality Control: Monitor key water parameters regularly, including temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen. Maintain a water transparency of around 25 cm, dissolve oxygen above 3 mg/L, and pH between 7 and 8.5. Ensure the water temperature is above 25°C when stocking shrimp for optimal growth conditions.

(3) Growth Monitoring: Conduct regular sampling every half month to measure shrimp size, body length, and weight. This helps assess growth progress and adjust feeding strategies accordingly.

4. Shrimp Harvesting

(1) After about four months of rearing, some shrimp may reach over 20 grams in weight and should be harvested promptly. Alongside shrimp, commercial fish that meet size standards should also be caught to optimize pond productivity and increase overall yield.

(2) Dry Pond Harvesting: When the water temperature drops to 17 to 18°C, drain the pond partially and use nets to catch the shrimp. This method ensures a more efficient and thorough harvest, reducing losses and improving profitability.

5. Quality Standards for Commercial Shrimp

After 5 to 6 months of rearing, the shrimp should have a survival rate of at least 60%, an average weight of 20 to 25 grams, and yield more than 120 kilograms per mu. Additionally, commercial fish should reach 100 to 150 kilograms per mu, making this a profitable and sustainable aquaculture system.

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