August skillful management of autumn cabbage
When autumn cabbage begins to form a cross, it's time to start thinning the seedlings, keeping about 3 per spot. As the seedlings grow to 4–5 leaves, a second thinning is done, leaving 2 per hole. Then, they are planted in groups, with one seedling per hole. It's important to keep only the largest, strongest, and most uniform seedlings, avoiding weak or uneven ones. During this process, the following five principles should be followed: keep small plants small, avoid over-thinning, maintain purity of varieties, ensure quality, and remove weak or unhealthy seedlings.
To promote healthy root development and early growth, proper hilling (or mounding) is essential. The technique involves three stages: shallow at first, deeper in the middle, and shallow again at the end—ensuring that roots are not damaged while maintaining their integrity. This practice helps loosen the soil, control weeds, regulate temperature, and protect against drought, all of which contribute to better plant growth.
After the initial thinning, the first top-dressing should be applied, known as seedling fertilizer. Once the rosette stage begins, additional nutrients are needed to support leaf development and prepare for the bulb-forming phase. A recommended application includes fermented human urine, superphosphate, wood ash, or potassium phosphosulfate. Before the bulb stage, a "nodulizer" is used, and for organic vegetables, chemical fertilizers should be avoided. Instead, organic compost, cake fertilizer, or microbial-based fertilizers are preferred.
Pest and disease management is crucial. Common issues include downy mildew, soft rot, and blight. It's important to use safe, low-toxicity, and residue-free pesticides. Spraying a 400-times diluted solution of new high-fat film can help prevent diseases, repel pests, and reduce contamination. This also enhances coloration and improves the quality of the produce, ensuring it meets pollution-free standards. Prevention is key, followed by timely and effective treatment. Integrated methods, including biological and agricultural controls, should be used to minimize damage and ensure sustainable crop production. Early intervention is always more effective than waiting for problems to escalate.
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