August skillful management of autumn cabbage
In autumn, when the cabbage starts to develop its cross shape, it's time to begin thinning the seedlings. At this stage, you should keep three plants per spot. Once the seedlings grow to about 4-5 leaves, a second thinning is done, leaving two plants in each hole. Then, they are planted in groups, with one plant per hole. It's important to retain strong, healthy, uniform seedlings while removing weak or uneven ones. During the thinning process, five key principles should be followed: keep small seedlings if necessary, avoid over-thinning, maintain purity of varieties, ensure quality, and eliminate weak or poor-growing plants.
To promote healthy growth, proper soil cultivation is essential. The principle of digging involves shallow, deep, and shallow layers—starting shallow, going deeper in the middle, and finishing shallow again to avoid damaging the roots. This helps loosen the soil, control weeds, improve soil temperature, prevent drought, and encourage strong root development and early growth.
After the first thinning, the first top-dressing (also known as seedling fertilizer) should be applied. Once the plant enters the rosette stage, additional nutrients are needed to support leaf development and prepare for the later ball-forming stage. A recommended application includes fermented human urine, superphosphate, wood ash, or potassium phosphosulfate per hectare. Before the ball stage, a final fertilizer should be applied, especially for organic vegetables, which should avoid chemical fertilizers. Instead, use organic compost, cake fertilizer, or microbial-based fertilizers.
Pest and disease control is crucial during the growth period. Focus on preventing diseases like mildew, rot, and blight. Choose safe, low-toxicity, and residue-free pesticides, and consider using a 400-times diluted high-fat film solution to spray the seedlings. This helps prevent disease, repel pests, block contamination, reduce pesticide residues, enhance coloration, improve product quality, and produce clean, marketable vegetables. Prevention is the priority, followed by timely intervention. Early detection and minor treatments can help minimize losses. It's best to combine biological and agricultural methods for comprehensive pest and disease management.
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