In winter greenhouse vegetable production, the proper use of calcium fertilizer can significantly boost yields by 10% to 26.5%, with an estimated income increase of 800 to 1,000 yuan per 1/15 hectares (1 acre). However, to achieve these benefits, it's essential to carefully consider several key factors when applying calcium fertilizers.
First, choosing the right type of calcium fertilizer is crucial. Different calcium sources have varying properties and effects on soil pH. In most winter greenhouses, the soil pH tends to be below 6.5, which is acidic. In contrast, open fields typically have a neutral to slightly alkaline pH (6.5–7.5). Therefore, it's advisable to use alkaline or neutral calcium fertilizers such as wood ash, slaked lime, or calcium nitrate. Avoid using acidic or physiologically acidic fertilizers like calcium sulfate or calcium chloride, as they can worsen soil acidity and negatively impact the growth of greenhouse vegetables.
Second, timing is equally important. For greenhouses that have been in continuous cultivation for three years or more, the nutrients from base fertilizers and natural mineralization are usually sufficient to meet the needs of plant growth. This means that soil calcium levels remain relatively high during this period. However, after several years, especially beyond five years of continuous planting, soil pH often drops below 6.0. At this point, it’s best to apply calcium-based basal fertilizers. The optimal time for top-dressing is when plants begin to grow actively, as this is when calcium demand increases and soil levels start to decline.
Third, the amount of calcium fertilizer applied must be carefully managed. Applying too little may not yield the desired results, while over-application can lead to waste and potential harm to the plants. A recommended rate is 15 to 20 kg of calcium nitrate per 1/15 hectares, or 40 to 50 kg of wood ash. If the soil is highly acidic (pH < 6.0), 30 to 50 kg of slaked lime per 1/15 hectares can be used to improve both yield and quality.
Fourth, the method of application plays a vital role in the effectiveness of calcium fertilization. For base application, mix 30 to 50 kg of slaked lime or 40 to 50 kg of wood ash with organic manure before planting. Spread the mixture evenly across the field and incorporate it into the soil. For top dressing, apply the fertilizer in trenches 10 cm deep, either directly or dissolved in water at a ratio of 1 kg per 100 kg of water. Water thoroughly and cover the soil. Alternatively, foliar sprays can be used, with concentrations of 0.3% to 0.5% being ideal. Solutions such as 300 times diluted
Amino Acid calcium, 0.1% to 0.2% calcium nitrate, or 1% superphosphate can be sprayed every 15 days, up to 3 to 5 times, depending on the crop’s needs.
By following these guidelines, farmers can effectively enhance the productivity and quality of their greenhouse crops while maintaining a balanced and healthy soil environment.
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