In winter greenhouse vegetable production, the proper use of calcium fertilizer can significantly boost yields by 10% to 26.5%, and increase income by 800 to 1,000 yuan per 1/15 hectares (1 acre). However, applying calcium fertilizers effectively requires careful consideration of several key factors.
First, choosing the right type of fertilizer is essential. Different calcium fertilizers have varying properties. In most winter greenhouses, the soil pH is typically below 6.5, which is acidic. In contrast, open-field soils usually have a pH between 6.5 and 7.5. Therefore, it's best to use alkaline or neutral fertilizers such as wood ash, slaked lime, or calcium nitrate. Avoid using acidic or physiologically acidic fertilizers like calcium sulfate or calcium chloride, as they can worsen soil acidity and negatively impact the growth of vegetables.
Second, timing is crucial. For greenhouses that have been continuously planted for 3 years, the nutrients from the base fertilizer and natural mineralization in the soil are usually sufficient to meet plant needs. As a result, soil calcium levels remain relatively high. Research shows that calcium levels in the soil begin to drop only during the growing season, and leaf calcitonin content also decreases. This is the optimal time to apply calcium fertilizer, as it not only increases yield and quality but also improves plant resistance. If the soil is very acidic (pH below 6), it’s advisable to perform a basic treatment. For greenhouses with more than 5 years of continuous planting, combining calcium-based fertilizers with the base fertilizer is recommended.
Third, the application rate is equally important. Applying too little may not be effective, while over-application leads to waste. A typical recommendation is to apply 15–20 kg of calcium nitrate per 1/15 hectares, or 40–50 kg of wood ash. If the soil pH is below 6.0, applying 30–50 kg of slaked lime can help improve both yield and quality.
Fourth, the method of application matters. For base application, mix 30–50 kg of mature lime or 40–50 kg of wood ash with organic manure before planting. Spread the mixture evenly across the field and till it into the soil. For top dressing, apply the fertilizer in trenches on the sunny side of the greenhouse in the morning. Dig a 10 cm deep trench, place the fertilizer at the bottom, and water it until the moisture penetrates the film. Alternatively, dissolve 1 kg of fertilizer in 100 kg of water and apply it directly. Foliar sprays are also an effective option—use 0.3% to 0.5% calcium solutions, such as 300 times diluted
Amino Acid calcium, 0.1% to 0.2% calcium nitrate, or 1% superphosphate. Spray every 15 days, up to 3–5 times, for best results.
By following these guidelines, farmers can maximize the benefits of calcium fertilizers while maintaining healthy and productive greenhouse crops.
Veterinary APIs
Veterinary APIs (active pharmaceutical ingredients) refer to the raw materials or substances used in the production of veterinary drugs. These APIs are the key components that provide the therapeutic effect in veterinary medications. They are typically sourced from various suppliers and undergo strict quality control measures to ensure their safety and efficacy for use in animals.
Some common examples of veterinary APIs include antibiotics, antiparasitics, hormones, vaccines, and anti-inflammatory agents. These APIs are used to treat a wide range of conditions in animals, including infections, parasites, hormonal imbalances, and inflammatory diseases.
It is important for veterinary pharmaceutical companies to carefully select and source high-quality APIs for their products to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the medications. Regulatory authorities also closely monitor the production and use of veterinary APIs to ensure compliance with safety and quality standards.
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