Golden gourd, cotton, corn, onion efficient double cropping
Golden gourd, also known as stir-fried melon, is a rare and highly valued vegetable in the melon family. It is prized for its unique flavor and high nutritional value. In recent years, farmers in Zhangji Town, Tongshan County, have started cultivating golden gourd alongside cotton and corn, developing an innovative anti-season, high-efficiency farming model. This system has been implemented on about 200 to 300 acres annually, with a total area of around 3,000 acres since 2000. On average, each acre can yield approximately 8,000 yuan in output, with a net income exceeding 7,000 yuan per mu.
Golden gourd cultivation involves several key steps:
1. **Seedling Sowing**: Farmers select fertile soil with good irrigation and drainage. At the end of February, they apply 3,000 kg of composted organic fertilizer, 50 kg of superphosphate, 20 kg of potassium sulfate, and 50 kg of urea during plowing. In mid-March, seeds are sown using conventional methods. Before planting, the seeds are soaked in a 50% carbendazim WP solution diluted 800 times for 30 minutes. The seedlings are easy to root, and the organic fertilizer must be fully decomposed before use.
2. **Transplanting**: In early April, 2,000 kg of organic fertilizer is applied along the planting rows, followed by deep plowing. After leveling the field, a 50 cm wide plastic mulch film is laid, and the edges are pressed firmly into the ground. Seedlings are transplanted in mid-to-late April, with a spacing of 1 meter between plants and 50 cm between rows.
3. **Field Management**: About 20-25 days after transplanting, water is drilled through the mulch to apply fertilizer, using 15 kg of urea per acre. Early attention is given to aphid control, while later focus shifts to managing powdery mildew. Harvesting typically takes place in mid-to-late June.
Cotton is planted at the same time as golden gourd, with one row of cotton planted between every two rows of gourds, spaced 30 cm apart.
Corn is grown using early-maturing varieties. After the gourd harvest, one row of corn is sown immediately. Although the base fertilizer is sufficient, the gourd consumes a lot of nutrients, so corn still requires proper fertilization at each growth stage. Corn is harvested in late September.
Welsh onion is cultivated using winter-hardy varieties. Seedlings are sown from late August to early September. At the end of October, cotton stalks are removed, and 2,000 kg of organic fertilizer, 50 kg of vegetable-specific fertilizer, 20 kg of urea, and 15 kg of potassium sulfate are applied per acre. The onions are then transplanted with a spacing of 4–5 cm between plants and 18–20 cm between rows. Farmers pay close attention to controlling diseases such as downy mildew and purple spot. If there's a drought before and after the Qingming Festival, proper watering is essential. Harvesting occurs in mid-April.
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