Eight points of the thin-leaf muskmelon grafting nursery
In recent years, with the increase in the cultivation area of ​​thin-skinned melons, it has become a difficult problem in cultivation, often causing farmers to reduce production or harvest. After two years of trials and demonstrations, agricultural technicians from Jiangengzhuang Town of Leting County solved the problem by adopting the method of melon grafting, and improved the quality and yield of melon. Now we introduce the specific practices of grafting seedlings as follows for reference by farmers.
1. Variety selection According to my years of practice, the thin-skin melon varieties with good commercial properties and high economic benefits mainly include Hongcheng No.10, Hongcheng No.15, Golden Delicious King, etc.; Japanese rootstocks are commonly used as the rootstock of Japanese pumpkins. "And other rootstocks.
2. Seed soaking first in the sun for 1 to 2 days to break the seed dormancy. After drying, soak in water of 12°C-15°C for one hour to make the seed epidermis soften. It should be noted that the surface of the pumpkin seeds, which are rootstocks, has a layer of mucus that must be cleaned. After the seeds are removed from the net, 3 ml of methyl tocopherol, 10 g of Zhuangfengyou, and 1 to 1.5 kg of soaked seeds are added for every 3 to 4 kg of water, and the temperature is maintained at 20°C to 25°C. Melon seed soaking takes about 4 hours and pumpkin seeds soak about 6-8 hours. It is usually stirred once every hour to make the seeds evenly distributed.
3. Germinating Seeds soaked with liquid medicine are washed with clean water and wrapped in wet towels. Generally, pumpkin seeds can be budded at 32°C for 25-30 hours; melon seeds are at 32°C-34°C. About 18 hours can be budding. When most of the buds are released, they are placed at a temperature of 10° C. to 15° C. to grow the buds at low temperature to improve the adaptability of the buds.
4. Sowing should first broadcast melon seeds, until the first real corn seedlings melon seed size (about 3 to 4 days) and then broadcast pumpkin seeds. Before sowing, prepare nutrient soil and formula of nutritious soil: use 4 parts of fertile garden soil without melon, 4 parts of cooked manure, 2 pieces of mature manure or 2 pieces of poultry manure, and then mix them well and put them into nutrient bowl. After budding, the rootstocks are sown directly into the irrigated nutrient pods. Each pod is sown with buds facing downward, covered with 1 to 1.5 cm thick moist fine soil, and then covered with a layer of mulch insulation and moisturizing. After germination, the melon seeds can be sown directly in the nursery bed in the greenhouse. The nutrient soil can be used as a substrate and covered with 1 to 1.5 cm thick fine soil or fine sand. After the seeds are sown, the mulch film moistens.
5. Seedling management The key to sprouting is to keep the soil temperature above 15°C after sowing after sowing. Usually the temperature of the greenhouse is about 3 to 4 days at about 30°C. When 70% of the seedlings are unearthed, the mulch film shall be peeled off in time, and the temperature shall be appropriately reduced to prevent the hypocotyls from becoming long. Daytime 20 °C ~ 25 °C, night temperature 16 °C ~ 18 °C, control watering. If the soil is cracked, cover a small amount of wet fine soil to reduce the evaporation of soil surface. 1 to 2 days before grafting should be properly ventilated to enhance seedling resistance.
6. Grafting The shaver blade is folded into two pieces and used as a grafting tool. Grafting clips are best used round mouth, disinfectant can choose 75% chlorothalonil 800 times. On the night before grafting, rootstock seedlings were irrigated, and 77% of them could be used to kill 500 times of the liquid plus a small amount of agricultural streptomycin to spray-sterilize the rootstock scion and surrounding environment. Grafting should be carried out in the greenhouse. First, the grafting site should be shaded to maintain the temperature at about 25°C, and a small arch shed should be supported. Small shed floor ground to 5 cm below the room temperature, pouring enough water. After the seedlings are grafted, the cover film and paper are moisturized. The method of grafting is the same as that of cucumber.
7. Management after grafting General 3 days after grafting is the key to ensuring the survival of grafted seedlings. Requires daytime 26°C～28°C, nighttime 20°C, relative humidity 95%; after 4～7 days, daytime temperature 25°C, nighttime 15°C, relative humidity 90%; after 8～12 days, daytime temperature is controlled at 25 °C, nighttime temperature 15 °C, relative humidity 80%; 15 days later to 3 days before planting, daytime temperature 28 °C ~ 30 °C, night temperature 13 °C, the main measure is to cut off the root (usually 12 ~ 13 days start a small amount of root), control of water , increase the temperature difference between day and night, refining seedlings promote young fruit.
8. Precautions Grafting process should be skillful and standardized; within 3 days after grafting, membranes must be moisturized and shaded to prevent warts from licking and to ensure the healing of the melon's fistula interface; temperature, especially the ground temperature, is kept above 15°C to ensure that the melons are normal. Grow.
1. Variety selection According to my years of practice, the thin-skin melon varieties with good commercial properties and high economic benefits mainly include Hongcheng No.10, Hongcheng No.15, Golden Delicious King, etc.; Japanese rootstocks are commonly used as the rootstock of Japanese pumpkins. "And other rootstocks.
2. Seed soaking first in the sun for 1 to 2 days to break the seed dormancy. After drying, soak in water of 12°C-15°C for one hour to make the seed epidermis soften. It should be noted that the surface of the pumpkin seeds, which are rootstocks, has a layer of mucus that must be cleaned. After the seeds are removed from the net, 3 ml of methyl tocopherol, 10 g of Zhuangfengyou, and 1 to 1.5 kg of soaked seeds are added for every 3 to 4 kg of water, and the temperature is maintained at 20°C to 25°C. Melon seed soaking takes about 4 hours and pumpkin seeds soak about 6-8 hours. It is usually stirred once every hour to make the seeds evenly distributed.
3. Germinating Seeds soaked with liquid medicine are washed with clean water and wrapped in wet towels. Generally, pumpkin seeds can be budded at 32°C for 25-30 hours; melon seeds are at 32°C-34°C. About 18 hours can be budding. When most of the buds are released, they are placed at a temperature of 10° C. to 15° C. to grow the buds at low temperature to improve the adaptability of the buds.
4. Sowing should first broadcast melon seeds, until the first real corn seedlings melon seed size (about 3 to 4 days) and then broadcast pumpkin seeds. Before sowing, prepare nutrient soil and formula of nutritious soil: use 4 parts of fertile garden soil without melon, 4 parts of cooked manure, 2 pieces of mature manure or 2 pieces of poultry manure, and then mix them well and put them into nutrient bowl. After budding, the rootstocks are sown directly into the irrigated nutrient pods. Each pod is sown with buds facing downward, covered with 1 to 1.5 cm thick moist fine soil, and then covered with a layer of mulch insulation and moisturizing. After germination, the melon seeds can be sown directly in the nursery bed in the greenhouse. The nutrient soil can be used as a substrate and covered with 1 to 1.5 cm thick fine soil or fine sand. After the seeds are sown, the mulch film moistens.
5. Seedling management The key to sprouting is to keep the soil temperature above 15°C after sowing after sowing. Usually the temperature of the greenhouse is about 3 to 4 days at about 30°C. When 70% of the seedlings are unearthed, the mulch film shall be peeled off in time, and the temperature shall be appropriately reduced to prevent the hypocotyls from becoming long. Daytime 20 °C ~ 25 °C, night temperature 16 °C ~ 18 °C, control watering. If the soil is cracked, cover a small amount of wet fine soil to reduce the evaporation of soil surface. 1 to 2 days before grafting should be properly ventilated to enhance seedling resistance.
6. Grafting The shaver blade is folded into two pieces and used as a grafting tool. Grafting clips are best used round mouth, disinfectant can choose 75% chlorothalonil 800 times. On the night before grafting, rootstock seedlings were irrigated, and 77% of them could be used to kill 500 times of the liquid plus a small amount of agricultural streptomycin to spray-sterilize the rootstock scion and surrounding environment. Grafting should be carried out in the greenhouse. First, the grafting site should be shaded to maintain the temperature at about 25°C, and a small arch shed should be supported. Small shed floor ground to 5 cm below the room temperature, pouring enough water. After the seedlings are grafted, the cover film and paper are moisturized. The method of grafting is the same as that of cucumber.
7. Management after grafting General 3 days after grafting is the key to ensuring the survival of grafted seedlings. Requires daytime 26°C～28°C, nighttime 20°C, relative humidity 95%; after 4～7 days, daytime temperature 25°C, nighttime 15°C, relative humidity 90%; after 8～12 days, daytime temperature is controlled at 25 °C, nighttime temperature 15 °C, relative humidity 80%; 15 days later to 3 days before planting, daytime temperature 28 °C ~ 30 °C, night temperature 13 °C, the main measure is to cut off the root (usually 12 ~ 13 days start a small amount of root), control of water , increase the temperature difference between day and night, refining seedlings promote young fruit.
8. Precautions Grafting process should be skillful and standardized; within 3 days after grafting, membranes must be moisturized and shaded to prevent warts from licking and to ensure the healing of the melon's fistula interface; temperature, especially the ground temperature, is kept above 15°C to ensure that the melons are normal. Grow.
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